https://teddyrookbook.com/writing/rhetoric/Recent content in Rhetoric and Advanced Writing on Teddy Rook Bookhttps://teddyrookbook.com/img/share.jpghttps://teddyrookbook.com/img/share.jpgHugoenhttps://teddyrookbook.com/writing/rhetoric/rhetoric/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/writing/rhetoric/rhetoric/Rhetoric is the art of using language to inform, persuade or move an audience. Aristotle defined it as the ability to see, in any case, the available means of persuasion. Rhetoric and Advanced Writing · Writing & Grammar Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/writing/rhetoric/rhetorical-situation/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/writing/rhetoric/rhetorical-situation/The writer, the audience, the purpose, the context (the occasion and the need that calls for the text) and the message shape every choice a writer makes. Rhetoric and Advanced Writing · Writing & Grammar Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/writing/rhetoric/ethos/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/writing/rhetoric/ethos/Ethos persuades through the character the speaker shows: good sense, good character and goodwill toward the audience. Rhetoric and Advanced Writing · Writing & Grammar Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/writing/rhetoric/pathos/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/writing/rhetoric/pathos/Pathos persuades by putting the audience in a frame of mind, through stories, images and word choice. Rhetoric and Advanced Writing · Writing & Grammar Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/writing/rhetoric/logos/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/writing/rhetoric/logos/Logos persuades through the argument itself: evidence, examples and reasoning that show a claim is true or likely. Rhetoric and Advanced Writing · Writing & Grammar Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/writing/rhetoric/identify-appeals/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/writing/rhetoric/identify-appeals/Most passages blend the appeals. Decide which one each sentence leans on most, and how they work together. Rhetoric and Advanced Writing · Writing & Grammar Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/writing/rhetoric/kairos/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/writing/rhetoric/kairos/Kairos is the fitting moment: an argument works when it suits its time, place and audience. Rhetoric and Advanced Writing · Writing & Grammar Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/writing/rhetoric/claims/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/writing/rhetoric/claims/Claims of fact (is it so?), of value (is it good or bad?) and of policy (what should we do?). Rhetoric and Advanced Writing · Writing & Grammar Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/writing/rhetoric/reasoning-patterns/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/writing/rhetoric/reasoning-patterns/Arguments reason from examples (induction), from general principles (deduction), from cause and effect, from comparison and from analogy. Rhetoric and Advanced Writing · Writing & Grammar Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/writing/rhetoric/toulmin/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/writing/rhetoric/toulmin/Stephen Toulmin’s model: a claim, the grounds (data) offered for it, and the warrant that links them, with backing, a qualifier and a rebuttal. Rhetoric and Advanced Writing · Writing & Grammar Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/writing/rhetoric/warrants/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/writing/rhetoric/warrants/State the general principle an argument takes for granted, then ask whether the audience would accept it. Rhetoric and Advanced Writing · Writing & Grammar Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/writing/rhetoric/qualifiers/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/writing/rhetoric/qualifiers/Words like usually, most and probably make a claim match its evidence. Rhetoric and Advanced Writing · Writing & Grammar Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/writing/rhetoric/evidence-quality/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/writing/rhetoric/evidence-quality/Good evidence is relevant, sufficient, accurate, current where that matters, and fairly represented. Rhetoric and Advanced Writing · Writing & Grammar Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/writing/rhetoric/counterargument/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/writing/rhetoric/counterargument/State the strongest opposing view fairly, in terms its supporters would accept, before you answer it. Rhetoric and Advanced Writing · Writing & Grammar Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/writing/rhetoric/concession-rebuttal/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/writing/rhetoric/concession-rebuttal/Concede what is true in the other view, then rebut what you can: “Granted, …; but …” Rhetoric and Advanced Writing · Writing & Grammar Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/writing/rhetoric/arrangement/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/writing/rhetoric/arrangement/The classical oration: introduction (exordium), background (narratio), the claim and its parts (partitio), proof (confirmatio), answers to objections (refutatio) and conclusion (peroratio). Rhetoric and Advanced Writing · Writing & Grammar Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/writing/rhetoric/fallacies-in-writing/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/writing/rhetoric/fallacies-in-writing/Spot common fallacies in real writing, by the Logic Ladder’s names: attacking the person, straw man, false dilemma, hasty generalization, slippery slope and others. Rhetoric and Advanced Writing · Writing & Grammar Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/writing/rhetoric/defensible-thesis/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/writing/rhetoric/defensible-thesis/An argument’s thesis takes a position that reasonable people could dispute, and that you can defend with evidence. Rhetoric and Advanced Writing · Writing & Grammar Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/writing/rhetoric/argument-essay/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/writing/rhetoric/argument-essay/A defensible thesis, a line of reasoning, evidence with commentary, and an answer to the other side, in an order that builds. Rhetoric and Advanced Writing · Writing & Grammar Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/writing/rhetoric/line-of-reasoning/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/writing/rhetoric/line-of-reasoning/Commentary explains how each piece of evidence supports the claim, and the reasons build on each other in a logical order. Rhetoric and Advanced Writing · Writing & Grammar Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/writing/rhetoric/analysis-intro/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/writing/rhetoric/analysis-intro/Rhetorical analysis explains how a writer’s choices serve a purpose for an audience. It doesn’t argue whether you agree. Rhetoric and Advanced Writing · Writing & Grammar Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/writing/rhetoric/choices-effects/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/writing/rhetoric/choices-effects/Name a choice (a story, a contrast, a repetition), then explain its effect on the audience and how it serves the purpose. Rhetoric and Advanced Writing · Writing & Grammar Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/writing/rhetoric/rhetorical-devices/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/writing/rhetoric/rhetorical-devices/Anaphora, antithesis, parallelism, rhetorical questions, analogy, understatement and other patterns writers use on purpose. Rhetoric and Advanced Writing · Writing & Grammar Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/writing/rhetoric/tone/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/writing/rhetoric/tone/Tone is the writer’s attitude, shown by diction and sentence structure. Analysis often turns on where the tone shifts. Rhetoric and Advanced Writing · Writing & Grammar Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/writing/rhetoric/analysis-thesis/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/writing/rhetoric/analysis-thesis/Name the writer, the purpose and the main strategies, and say how they serve the purpose. Rhetoric and Advanced Writing · Writing & Grammar Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/writing/rhetoric/analysis-essay/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/writing/rhetoric/analysis-essay/Organize by the writer’s strategies or by the text’s sections, with short quotations and commentary on each. Rhetoric and Advanced Writing · Writing & Grammar Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/writing/rhetoric/reading-sources/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/writing/rhetoric/reading-sources/Find where sources agree, where they disagree, and where they answer different questions. Rhetoric and Advanced Writing · Writing & Grammar Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/writing/rhetoric/integrating-sources/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/writing/rhetoric/integrating-sources/Use signal phrases, partial quotations, brackets for changes and ellipses for cuts, so sources fit your sentences smoothly. Rhetoric and Advanced Writing · Writing & Grammar Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/writing/rhetoric/synthesis-essay/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/writing/rhetoric/synthesis-essay/Use several sources to support your own argument, with citations. The sources serve your claim; they don’t make it for you. Rhetoric and Advanced Writing · Writing & Grammar Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/writing/rhetoric/diction/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/writing/rhetoric/diction/Choose words for precision, connotation and the right level of formality. Rhetoric and Advanced Writing · Writing & Grammar Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/writing/rhetoric/concision/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/writing/rhetoric/concision/Omit needless words: cut redundancy, empty phrases, and weak openings like “There is” and “It is.” Rhetoric and Advanced Writing · Writing & Grammar Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/writing/rhetoric/active-passive-style/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/writing/rhetoric/active-passive-style/Prefer the active voice when the doer matters. Use the passive when the doer is unknown or unimportant, or to keep the focus on what was acted on. Rhetoric and Advanced Writing · Writing & Grammar Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/writing/rhetoric/sentence-variety/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/writing/rhetoric/sentence-variety/Vary sentence length and structure: short sentences for emphasis, longer ones for connected ideas. Rhetoric and Advanced Writing · Writing & Grammar Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/writing/rhetoric/emphasis/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/writing/rhetoric/emphasis/Put the words you most want remembered at the end of a sentence, where readers give them the most weight. Rhetoric and Advanced Writing · Writing & Grammar Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/writing/rhetoric/cohesion/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/writing/rhetoric/cohesion/Begin a sentence with what the reader already knows and end with what is new, so each sentence hands off to the next. Rhetoric and Advanced Writing · Writing & Grammar Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/writing/rhetoric/register/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/writing/rhetoric/register/Match the register to the audience: contractions, slang, and person (I, you, one) all signal formality. Rhetoric and Advanced Writing · Writing & Grammar Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/writing/rhetoric/figures-of-speech/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/writing/rhetoric/figures-of-speech/Metaphor, simile, personification, hyperbole and understatement, chosen for their effect. Rhetoric and Advanced Writing · Writing & Grammar Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/writing/rhetoric/classic-advice/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/writing/rhetoric/classic-advice/Strunk’s Elements of Style (1918) gave rules like “Omit needless words” and “Use the active voice.” Know what the advice is for and when good writers break it. Rhetoric and Advanced Writing · Writing & Grammar Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/writing/rhetoric/reading-prompts/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/writing/rhetoric/reading-prompts/Find the task word (analyze, argue, explain), the subject, and any limits before you plan. Rhetoric and Advanced Writing · Writing & Grammar Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/writing/rhetoric/timed-writing/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/writing/rhetoric/timed-writing/Read the prompt closely, plan for a few minutes, write a clear thesis, and save time to reread. Rhetoric and Advanced Writing · Writing & Grammar Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/writing/rhetoric/college-essay/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/writing/rhetoric/college-essay/A personal essay shows who you are through a specific story and what you made of it, in your own voice. Rhetoric and Advanced Writing · Writing & Grammar Ladder