Writing & Grammar Ladder · Middle school · Grade 4–8
Grammar
How English sentences are built: the eight parts of speech, subjects and predicates, objects and complements, phrases and clauses, the four sentence structures, and sentence diagrams you can build by hand.
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Unit 1 The Parts of Speech
12 topics
The eight jobs a word can do: noun, pronoun, verb, adjective, adverb, preposition, conjunction and interjection, and how to tell which job a word is doing.
Unit 2 Subjects, Predicates and Complements
9 topics
The subject and the predicate, the verb, the four kinds of sentences, and the words that complete a verb: direct and indirect objects, predicate nouns and adjectives, and object complements.
Unit 3 Phrases and Clauses
10 topics
Prepositional phrases, appositives, participles, gerunds and infinitives; independent and dependent clauses; and adjective, adverb and noun clauses.
Unit 4 Sentence Structure
3 topics
Simple, compound, complex and compound-complex sentences.
Unit 5 Diagramming Sentences
10 topics
The Reed–Kellogg diagram: a picture of a sentence that puts every word where its job belongs. Build diagrams by hand, from subject and verb to noun clauses.
- Diagrams: Subject and Verb
- Diagrams: Adjectives and Adverbs
- Diagrams: Direct and Indirect Objects
- Diagrams: Complements
- Diagrams: Prepositional Phrases
- Diagrams: Compound Parts and Sentences
- Diagrams: Appositives and Words Apart
- Diagrams: Participles, Gerunds and Infinitives
- Diagrams: Adjective and Adverb Clauses
- Diagrams: Noun Clauses