AP Human Geography

• Absolute and Relative Location
• Site and Situation
• Formal, Functional and Perceptual Regions
• Scales of Analysis
• Distance Decay and Time-Space Compression
• Density, Concentration and Pattern
• Geographic Data
• Choosing a Thematic Map
• People and Environment
• Map Scale
• Kinds of Maps
• GPS, GIS and Satellite Images

Map types, scale and geospatial tools (GPS, GIS, remote sensing) are taught in World Geography and linked here.

• Where People Live
• Three Kinds of Density
• Birth Rates, Death Rates and Natural Increase
• Fertility, Infant Mortality and Life Expectancy
• Doubling Time
• Reading Population Pyramids
• Pyramid Shapes
• The Dependency Ratio
• The Demographic Transition Model
• The Epidemiological Transition
• Malthus and His Critics
• Population Policies
• Women, Education and Fertility
• Kinds of Migration
• Push and Pull Factors
• Ravenstein's Laws of Migration
• Refugees, Asylum Seekers and Internally Displaced People
• Effects of Migration
• Eight Billion People
• Crowded Places

Covers population distribution and density, composition (pyramids), growth and decline (demographic and epidemiological transitions, Malthus), policies, women and demographic change, and migration.

• Culture Traits, Folk and Popular Culture
• Cultural Landscapes
• How Things Spread
• Language Families
• Branches of Indo-European
• Lingua Franca, Pidgins and Creoles
• Universalizing and Ethnic Religions
• Where Religions Began and Spread
• When Cultures Meet
• Globalization and Culture

Religions are described by where they began and how they spread, in neutral terms.

• States, Nations and Nation-States
• Multinational States and Stateless Nations
• Sovereignty and Territoriality
• Kinds of Boundaries
• Boundary Disputes
• Boundaries at Sea
• Shapes of States
• Unitary and Federal States
• Forces That Unite and Divide
• Organizations Above the State
• Electoral Districts
• How Many Countries?

Disputed borders and partly recognized states are described neutrally; electoral districts are taught as mechanics, not as a judgment on any party.

• Where Farming Began
• Agricultural Revolutions
• Intensive and Extensive Farming
• Subsistence and Commercial Farming
• Farming and Climate
• The von Thünen Model
• Rural Settlements and Survey Patterns
• Debates About Food

Food-production debates (GMOs, organic farming, large and small farms) are presented with each side's arguments.

• Urbanization
• Why Cities Grow Where They Do
• Central Place Theory
• The Rank-Size Rule and Primate Cities
• Models of North American Cities
• Models of Cities Around the World
• Urban Challenges and Responses
• The World's Largest Cities

Urban challenges and responses (sprawl, gentrification, new urbanism) are presented with their trade-offs.

• Sectors of the Economy
• The Spread of Industry
• Weber's Least Cost Theory
• Measuring Development
• Theories of Development
• Trade and Globalization
• Sustainable Development

Development theories are presented as theories, with their critics.