Math Ladder · High school · Grade 9

Algebra 1

Equations and inequalities, linear functions and systems, exponents, polynomials, factoring and quadratics.

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76 topics in 12 units. Builds on Pre-Algebra (Grade 8). Leads to Geometry and Algebra 2. It also opens the way to Physics 1 and Astronomy on the Physics Ladder, Chemistry on the Chemistry Ladder, and Microeconomics on the Economics Ladder. Not sure this is the right course? Find your rung.

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Unit 1 Expressions and Real Numbers

5 topics

Know the number system and read the structure of an expression.

  1. The Real Number System
  2. Rational and Irrational Sums and Products
  3. Evaluating Expressions with Negatives and Powers
  4. Terms, Factors and Coefficients
  5. Units and Conversion Factors

Unit 2 Solving Equations

6 topics

Solve equations with fractions, literal equations and absolute values, and explain every step.

  1. Why Each Step Keeps the Balance
  2. Clearing Fractions and Decimals
  3. Writing Equations from Words
  4. Distance, Rate and Time Problems
  5. Solving for a Variable
  6. Absolute Value Equations

Unit 3 Inequalities

4 topics

Solve and graph inequalities, including compound and absolute value inequalities.

  1. Multi-Step Inequalities
  2. Inequality Word Problems
  3. Compound Inequalities
  4. Absolute Value Inequalities

Unit 4 Functions

11 topics

Use function notation, read graphs, and describe how outputs change.

  1. Function Notation
  2. Finding Inputs from Outputs
  3. Domain and Range
  4. Intercepts, Increasing and Decreasing
  5. Average Rate of Change
  6. Sequences as Functions
  7. Arithmetic Sequences
  8. Piecewise Functions
  9. Graphs of Absolute Value Functions
  10. Step Functions
  11. Shifting and Stretching Graphs

Unit 5 Linear Functions

9 topics

Write and use every form of a line, and model with linear functions.

  1. A Graph Shows Every Solution
  2. Point-Slope Form
  3. Line Through Two Points
  4. Standard Form and Intercepts
  5. Horizontal and Vertical Lines
  6. Parallel and Perpendicular Lines
  7. Linear Models in Context
  8. Inverse of a Linear Function
  9. Linear Inequalities in Two Variables

Unit 6 Systems of Equations

4 topics

Solve systems by elimination, model with them, and solve systems of inequalities.

  1. Elimination
  2. Elimination with Multiplying First
  3. Systems Word Problems
  4. Systems of Linear Inequalities

Unit 7 Exponents and Radicals

4 topics

Extend exponents to fractions and work with square roots.

  1. Fractional Exponents
  2. Rules with Fractional Exponents
  3. Simplifying Square Roots
  4. Adding and Multiplying Radicals

Unit 8 Exponential Functions

6 topics

Model growth and decay that multiplies by the same factor each step.

  1. Exponential Functions
  2. Linear vs Exponential Change
  3. Geometric Sequences
  4. Growth and Decay Rates
  5. Writing Exponential Models
  6. Rewriting Exponential Expressions

Unit 9 Polynomials

6 topics

Add, subtract and multiply polynomials.

  1. Polynomials: Degree and Standard Form
  2. Adding and Subtracting Polynomials
  3. Multiplying by a Monomial
  4. Multiplying Binomials
  5. Special Products
  6. Multiplying Longer Polynomials

Unit 10 Factoring

6 topics

Undo multiplication to write polynomials as products.

  1. Factoring Out the GCF
  2. Factoring x² + bx + c
  3. Factoring ax² + bx + c
  4. Factoring Special Products
  5. Factoring by Grouping
  6. Factoring Completely

Unit 11 Quadratic Functions and Equations

12 topics

Graph parabolas and solve quadratic equations four ways.

  1. Graphs of Quadratic Functions
  2. Vertex Form
  3. Solving by Factoring
  4. Zeros and Factored Form
  5. Solving by Square Roots
  6. Completing the Square
  7. The Quadratic Formula
  8. The Discriminant
  9. Quadratic Models
  10. Line and Parabola Systems
  11. Solving f(x) = g(x) with Graphs
  12. Comparing Linear, Quadratic and Exponential Models

Unit 12 Data and Statistics

3 topics

Summarize two-variable data and judge what it does and does not show.

  1. Two-Way Tables and Relative Frequency
  2. Lines of Fit and Residuals
  3. Correlation and Causation
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