Languages · Sentence Drills

Hear it. Say it. Audite. Ἀκούετε.

Each sentence plays in the order you set. Repeat the Latin or Greek aloud during the pause, then keep going. Press pause at any time to study every word.

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❓ How the drills work
  1. Choose a language. Latin mixes the Vulgate Gospels with Caesar, Cicero, Virgil and Ovid. Greek mixes the Greek Gospels with Herodotus, Homer and Plutarch. Both includes everything; use the On switches under Languages & order to turn Latin or Greek off. Tap Change above the sentence to switch at any time.
  2. Koine or not? The Gospel verses are Koine Greek. Homer (Homeric Greek, about 700 BC) and Herodotus (Ionic Greek, about 430 BC) are older dialects with different word forms, and Plutarch (about AD 100) wrote a literary Greek that imitates classical Attic; every such sentence is labelled “not New Testament Koine”. To study Koine only, set What to practice to The Gospels.
  3. Press Play. Each sentence plays in the order shown under Languages & order. Use ▲▼ to reorder.
  4. Text / Audio switches choose, per language, whether you see it, hear it, both, or neither. Turn off English text to test yourself.
  5. Say it back. Repeat the sentence out loud during the pause. Pause between sentences sets that gap (1–5 s), and Repeat plays the Latin and Greek up to three times.
  6. Speed runs from 0.5× to 3.5×. It applies to all audio.
  7. Text size: A− and A+ at the top of the sentence box change the size of the sentences only. Aa at the top of every page changes the text size across the site.
  8. Pause to study. While paused, tap any Latin or Greek word. The Word study panel shows its dictionary form, meaning, case/tense/mood and job in the sentence. Tick Word-by-word glosses to see a meaning under every word.
  9. ▶ next to a line plays just that language. ⏮ ⏭ move between sentences. On a keyboard: Space pauses, ← → go back and forward.
  10. What to practice narrows the sentences to the Gospels (one Gospel or one passage), to all the classical authors, or to one work.
  11. Classical sentences were chosen so that each one adds words, verb forms (tense, mood, voice, person) or noun forms you haven't met yet in the set. Their English comes from public-domain translations (several of them the original Loeb translations), so it is sometimes freer or more old-fashioned than a word-for-word rendering.
  12. Red letters mark the words of Jesus in the Gospels. Untick the box to turn them off.
  13. Progress counts sentences in this visit and in total. It is saved only on this device.
  14. About the audio: Gospel Greek is a human reading (Marilyn Phemister). Everything else uses your device’s built-in voices, which differ between devices: Latin uses an Italian voice, and classical Greek uses a modern Greek voice, so its pronunciation is modern, not ancient; accents and breathing marks are simplified for it. If your device has no Greek voice, classical Greek stays silent rather than being spelled out letter by letter. If you hear nothing, check that your device isn’t muted.
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Paused: tap any Latin or Greek word to study it. Press ▶ on a line to hear just that language.

Word study

Keys: Space = play/pause · ← → = previous/next

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Languages & order

    What to practice

    English: Scripture quotations are from the ESV® Bible (The Holy Bible, English Standard Version®), © 2001 by Crossway, a publishing ministry of Good News Publishers. Used by permission. All rights reserved. www.esv.org. English appears for a fixed set of 499 verses; English audio is read by your device's voice.

    Koine Greek: Nestle 1904 Greek New Testament (public domain) with morphology and glosses from the MACULA Greek datasets (Biblica, CC BY 4.0) and definitions from the Dodson Greek Lexicon (public domain). Greek audio: Audio Greek New Testament (Westcott–Hort text), read by Marilyn Phemister, © 2001, used for non-commercial purposes with credit (Internet Archive). The recording follows Westcott–Hort, so a word may occasionally differ from the Nestle text shown.

    Latin: Vulgate text, lemmas and grammar from the PROIEL Treebank (CC BY-NC-SA); definitions from William Whitaker’s Words. Latin audio uses your device’s Italian voice, which approximates the ecclesiastical pronunciation traditionally used for the Vulgate.

    Classical sentences: Latin and Greek texts with lemmas and grammar from the PROIEL Treebank (Caesar, Gallic War; Cicero, Letters to Atticus; Herodotus, Histories; CC BY-NC-SA) and the Perseus Ancient Greek and Latin Dependency Treebank (Cicero, Against Catiline; Virgil, Aeneid; Ovid, Metamorphoses; Homer, Iliad and Odyssey; CC BY-SA). English translations, all in the public domain, as published by the Perseus Digital Library (CC BY-SA 4.0): W. A. McDevitte & W. S. Bohn (Caesar), E. S. Shuckburgh and C. D. Yonge (Cicero), T. C. Williams (Virgil), Brookes More (Ovid), A. D. Godley (Herodotus, Loeb; modernized by Perseus) and A. T. Murray (Homer, Loeb). Greek definitions from the Liddell–Scott–Jones Greek–English Lexicon (Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0, with thanks to Tufts University); Latin definitions from William Whitaker’s Words. Sentences were paired with their translations automatically and checked by word overlap, so a pairing may occasionally be loose. Audio for classical sentences is your device’s text-to-speech voice, not a human recording.

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