1–b, 2–a, 3–d, 4–e, 5–i, 6–h, 7–f, 8–c, 9–j, 10–g (autem = however (never first in its clause); enim = for; ergō = therefore, so; quia = because; sī = if; nunc = now; jam = already; semper = always; statim = at once; iterum = again)
3. Match each Greek verb with the Latin verb the Vulgate uses for it.
8. Give every possible parse of the article forms (a) τοῦ and (b) τά.
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(a) τοῦ: genitive singular, masculine or neuter. (b) τά: nominative or accusative plural, neuter.
9. The augment ἐ- at the front of a verb (ἐποίησεν, ἔλεγεν) tells you the verb is:
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(a) a past tense of the indicativeThe augment appears only in the indicative of the past tenses: imperfect, aorist, pluperfect.
10. γένοιτο, “may it happen” (Luke 1:38), is in which mood?
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(b) optativeThe optative is rare in the New Testament and mostly expresses wishes. Latin uses the subjunctive: fīat.
11. Which Latin construction usually stands for a Greek genitive absolute?
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(a) the ablative absoluteFor example προκηρύξαντος Ἰωάννου / praedicante Jōanne (Acts 13:24); Latin may also use a cum-clause.
12. A “deponent” verb, such as Greek ἔρχομαι or Latin loquor, is:
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(b) middle or passive in form but active in meaning
13. Latin attaches cum (with) to the end of personal pronouns. Give the Latin for: (a) with me (b) with you (plural) (c) with himself
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(a) mēcum (b) vōbīscum (c) sēcumGreek says μετ’ ἐμοῦ, μεθ’ ὑμῶν, μετ’ αὐτοῦ (Matthew 12:30, John 13:33, Mark 14:33).
14. John 4:33: μή τις ἤνεγκεν αὐτῷ φαγεῖν; A question opened by μή expects the answer:
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(b) no“Surely no one brought him anything to eat?” Latin uses numquid, which also expects “no”.
15. Mark 14:32: sedēte hīc, with long ī. Latin hīc means:
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(b) herehīc (long ī) is the adverb “here” (Greek ὧδε); hic (short i) is “this” (Greek οὗτος).
16. Mark 6:47: ἐν μέσῳ τῆς θαλάσσης, “in the middle of the sea”. What case is μέσῳ, and why?
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(b) dative, because ἐν takes the dativeἐν always takes the dative. τῆς θαλάσσης is genitive, “of the sea”.
17. Which Greek preposition means “out of, from” and takes the genitive, and what is its Latin partner and case? Why is it sometimes spelled ἐξ?
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ἐκ + genitive; Latin ex (or ē) + ablative. Before a vowel ἐκ becomes ἐξ: ἐξ αὐτοῦ (Mark 5:30, 14:23).Latin often uses dē + ablative for the same idea: dē illō (Mark 5:30).
18. Parse γενομένης (Mark 6:47): give its dictionary form and a full parse.
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γίνομαι, “to become, happen”: aorist middle participle, genitive singular feminineSecond-aorist middle participle (γεν- + ομένης), genitive singular feminine to agree with ὀψίας: a genitive absolute, “evening having come”.
19. Parse ἔστησαν (Luke 7:14): give its dictionary form and a full parse.
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ἵστημι, “to stand; to set”: aorist active indicative, 3rd person plural (here “they stood still”)In this form both aorists of ἵστημι look the same; here the sense is intransitive: “they stood still”.
20. Parse τίθησιν (Luke 8:16): give its dictionary form and a full parse.
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τίθημι, “to put, place”: present active indicative, 3rd person singularA -μι verb: reduplicated stem τι-θη- and the ending -σι(ν). Compare δίδωσιν, “he gives” (John 14:27).
21. Parse ἆρον (John 5:8): give its dictionary form and a full parse.
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αἴρω, “to lift, take away”: aorist active imperative, 2nd person singularA liquid aorist (ἦρα, from αἴρω); -ον is the 2nd singular aorist imperative ending: “lift up!”. Latin tolle.
22. Parse ἀναστήσεται (John 11:24): give its dictionary form and a full parse.
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ἀνίστημι, “to raise; to rise”: future middle indicative, 3rd person singularἀνά + ἵστημι; future σ + middle ending -εται. In the middle it means “rise”: “he will rise”.
23. Parse καλούμενος (Hebrews 5:4): give its dictionary form and a full parse.
24. Parse ἐγείρεσθε (Mark 14:42): give its dictionary form and a full parse.
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ἐγείρω, “to raise, wake”: present passive imperative, 2nd person plural (“get up!”)-εσθε is the present middle/passive 2nd plural (here an imperative): “be raised, get up!”. Latin surgite.
25. Parse τηρήσῃ (John 8:51): give its dictionary form and a full parse.
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τηρέω, “to keep, guard”: aorist active subjunctive, 3rd person singularThe long vowel η and the iota subscript (-σῃ) mark the aorist subjunctive, as required after ἐάν: “if someone keeps”.
26. Parse the Latin vīdērunt (Mark 16:5): give its dictionary form and a full parse.
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videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsum, “to see”: perfect active indicative, 3rd person pluralThe perfect stem vīd- has a long ī. It renders the Greek aorist εἶδον, “they saw”.
27. Parse the Latin dīcēbat (Mark 7:14): give its dictionary form and a full parse.
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dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictum, “to say”: imperfect active indicative, 3rd person singular-ēba- marks the imperfect of a 3rd-conjugation verb: “he was saying”, matching Greek ἔλεγεν.
28. Parse the Latin crēdātis (John 14:29): give its dictionary form and a full parse.
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crēdō, crēdere, crēdidī, crēditum, “to believe”: present active subjunctive, 2nd person pluralIn the 3rd conjugation the subjunctive has -a-: crēdam, crēdās, crēdat … crēdātis. After ut (so that) the verb is subjunctive, as after Greek ἵνα (πιστεύσητε).
29. John 7:14: Greek τῆς ἑορτῆς μεσούσης (genitive) becomes Latin diē fēstō mediante (ablative). What is each construction?
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A genitive absolute in Greek and an ablative absolute in Latin: a noun with a participle, set apart from the main clause: “with the feast already half over”.
30. John 2:7: γεμίσατε τὰς ὑδρίας ὕδατος, “fill the jars with water”, uses the genitive ὕδατος. Latin implēte hydriās aquā uses the ablative. Why?
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Greek verbs of filling take a genitive of the contents. Latin uses its ablative (“with water”), a case Greek does not have.
31. Mark 12:11: ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς ἡμῶν, “in our eyes”, uses ἡμῶν, “of us”. Latin says in oculīs nostrīs. Why?
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Latin expresses “our” with the possessive adjective noster, which agrees with oculīs (ablative plural). Greek uses the genitive of the pronoun.
32. Galatians 1:10: Χριστοῦ δοῦλος οὐκ ἂν ἤμην, “I would not be Christ’s slave”, becomes Christī servus nōn essem. How does each language say “would”?
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Greek uses ἄν with a past tense of the indicative (ἤμην). Latin uses the imperfect subjunctive (essem) and has no word for ἄν.
33. Luke 16:14: Greek φιλάργυροι ὑπάρχοντες, “being lovers of money”, becomes Latin quī erant avārī, “who were greedy”. Why a clause?
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Latin sum (be) has no present participle, so there is no Latin word for “being”. Latin uses a relative clause: quī erant.
34. Mark 1:29: ἦλθον, an aorist, becomes vēnērunt. Which Latin tense usually translates the Greek aorist indicative?
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(b) the perfectLatin has no aorist. Its perfect does the work of both the Greek aorist (“they came”) and the Greek perfect (“they have come”).
35. Translate (1 John 4:8): ὁ θεὸς ἀγάπη ἐστίν / Deus cāritās est. Why does ἀγάπη have no article?
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“God is love.” ἀγάπη has no article because it is the predicate; the subject ὁ θεός has the article.Latin has no article in either word; word order and sense tell you that Deus is the subject.
36. Translate (John 19:22): Ὃ γέγραφα γέγραφα / Quod scrīpsī, scrīpsī. What does the Greek tense add?
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“What I have written, I have written.” γέγραφα is a perfect: the writing is done and stands.Latin scrīpsī is a perfect too; it can mean “I wrote” or “I have written”.
37. Sight reading (John 3:35, not one of the video passages). Translate the Greek and the Latin.
Latin: Pater diligit Filium et omnia dedit in manu ejus.
Help: δέδωκεν = he has given (perfect of δίδωμι); πάντα / omnia = all things.
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Greek: “The Father loves the Son, and has given all things into his hand” (word for word: “in his hand”). Latin: “The Father loves the Son, and has given all things into his hand.”ἀγαπᾷ / dīligit: present, “loves”. τὸν υἱόν / Fīlium: accusative object. The Greek perfect δέδωκεν becomes the Latin perfect dedit.
38. Sight reading (Luke 4:30, not one of the video passages). Translate the Greek and the Latin.
Latin: Ipse autem transiens per medium illorum, ibat.
Help: διελθών = going through (aorist participle of διέρχομαι); ἐπορεύετο = he went on his way (imperfect of πορεύομαι); trānsiēns = passing through (trānseō); ībat = he was going (eō).
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Greek and Latin: “But he, passing through the middle of them, went on his way.”αὐτὸς / ipse: “he himself”. διὰ μέσου αὐτῶν / per medium illōrum: “through the middle of them”.
39. Sight reading (Ephesians 4:6, not one of the video passages). Translate the Greek and the Latin.
Latin: Unus Deus et Pater omnium, qui est super omnes, et per omnia, et in omnibus nobis.
Help: πάντων = of all (genitive plural of πᾶς); πᾶσιν = all (dative plural).
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Greek: “one God and Father of all, who is over all and through all and in all” (word for word: “the one over all”). Latin: “one God and Father of all, who is over all, and through all things, and in us all.”Greek ὁ ἐπὶ πάντων, article + phrase, “the one over all”, needs no verb; Latin turns it into a clause, quī est super omnēs, and adds nōbīs, “in us all”.
40. Sight reading (Mark 3:14, not one of the video passages). Translate the Greek and the Latin.
Latin: Et fecit ut essent duodecim cum illo: et ut mitteret eos praedicare.
Help: ἐποίησεν = he made, here “appointed”; ὦσιν = they might be (subjunctive of εἰμί); ἀποστέλλῃ = he might send (subjunctive); κηρύσσειν / praedicāre = to preach.
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Greek: “And he appointed twelve, so that they might be with him and so that he might send them out to preach.” Latin: “And he brought it about that twelve should be with him, and that he might send them to preach.”Both languages use a subjunctive after “so that”: ἵνα ὦσιν / ut essent; ἵνα ἀποστέλλῃ / ut mitteret. Latin fēcit ut … means “he brought it about that …”.