Part Two · Reading the New Testament · Passages 123–124

Revelation

2 passages in Greek and Latin, each with pronunciation, an English translation and a note on every word, then a practice set with answers.

Start with Revelation 13:18 → Practice: Revelation ▶ Revelation in the video

Practice: Revelation

21 questions · answers under each one

These questions use the two passages from Revelation, with a review of numbers, and three more verses from Revelation to read at sight.

1. Match each Greek word with its meaning.

  1. θηρίον
  2. νεκρός
  3. ἄχρι
  4. ἔτος
  5. σοφία
  6. λοιπός
  7. πρῶτος
  8. ἀνάστασις
  1. dead
  2. wild animal, beast
  3. resurrection, rising
  4. remaining; οἱ λοιποί = the rest
  5. until, as far as
  6. wisdom
  7. year
  8. first
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1–b, 2–a, 3–e, 4–g, 5–f, 6–d, 7–h, 8–c (θηρίον = wild animal, beast; νεκρός = dead; ἄχρι = until, as far as; ἔτος = year; σοφία = wisdom; λοιπός = remaining; οἱ λοιποί = the rest; πρῶτος = first; ἀνάστασις = resurrection, rising)

2. Match each Latin word with its meaning.

  1. bestia
  2. mīlle
  3. annus
  4. sapientia
  5. cēterus
  6. prīmus
  7. mortuus
  8. vīvō
  1. a thousand
  2. the other, the rest
  3. first
  4. beast
  5. wisdom
  6. to live
  7. year
  8. dead
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1–d, 2–a, 3–g, 4–e, 5–b, 6–c, 7–h, 8–f (bestia = beast; mīlle = a thousand; annus = year; sapientia = wisdom; cēterus = the other, the rest; prīmus = first; mortuus = dead; vīvō = to live)

3. Match the Greek numbers with the Latin ones.

  1. εἷς
  2. δύο
  3. τρεῖς
  4. ἑπτά
  5. δώδεκα
  6. χίλιοι
  1. septem
  2. trēs
  3. mīlle
  4. duodecim
  5. duo
  6. ūnus
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1–f, 2–e, 3–b, 4–a, 5–d, 6–c (εἷς = ūnus; δύο = duo; τρεῖς = trēs; ἑπτά = septem; δώδεκα = duodecim; χίλιοι = mīlle)

4. Revelation 13:18: ἑξακόσιοι ἑξήκοντα ἕξ is the number:

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(b) 666ἑξακόσιοι = six hundred, ἑξήκοντα = sixty, ἕξ = six. Latin: sexcentī sexāgintā sex.

5. Which Greek–Latin pair comes from one shared ancient root?

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(b) ἕξ – sexἕξ and sex (six), like ἑπτά and septem (seven), go back to the same ancestor word.

6. Parse ψηφισάτω (Revelation 13:18): give its dictionary form and a full parse.

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ψηφίζω, “to count, calculate”: aorist active imperative, 3rd person singular-σάτω is the 3rd singular aorist imperative ending: “let him count”. Greek has 3rd-person commands; English needs “let”.

7. Parse ἔχων (Revelation 13:18): give its dictionary form and a full parse.

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ἔχω, “to have, hold”: present active participle, nominative singular masculineWith ὁ: “the one having”, that is, whoever has (insight).

8. Parse ἔζησαν (Revelation 20:5): give its dictionary form and a full parse.

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ζάω, “to live”: aorist active indicative, 3rd person pluralAugment ἐ- + ζη-σαν: “they came to life”. The aorist marks the start of living.

9. Parse τελεσθῇ (Revelation 20:5): give its dictionary form and a full parse.

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τελέω, “to finish, complete”: aorist passive subjunctive, 3rd person singular-θῇ: aorist passive subjunctive, used after ἄχρι (until). It is singular although τὰ χίλια ἔτη is plural, because the subject is neuter plural.

10. Parse ἔτη (Revelation 20:5): give its dictionary form and a full parse.

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ἔτος, “year”: noun, nominative plural neuterἔτος, ἔτους is a neuter noun of the third declension; -η is the nominative/accusative plural (from ἔτεα).

11. Parse νεκρῶν (Revelation 20:5): give its dictionary form and a full parse.

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νεκρός, “dead”: adjective, genitive plural masculine-ῶν is genitive plural. With τῶν, an adjective used as a noun: “of the dead”.

12. Parse θηρίου (Revelation 13:18): give its dictionary form and a full parse.

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θηρίον, “wild animal, beast”: noun, genitive singular neuter-ου is the genitive singular of a second-declension neuter noun in -ον.

13. Parse the Latin computet (Revelation 13:18): give its dictionary form and a full parse.

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computō, computāre, computāvī, computātum, “to count, calculate”: present active subjunctive, 3rd person singularIn a 1st-conjugation verb the vowel e (computet, not computat) marks the subjunctive. Here it gives a command: “let him count”.

14. Parse the Latin vīxērunt (Revelation 20:5): give its dictionary form and a full parse.

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vīvō, vīvere, vīxī, vīctum, “to live”: perfect active indicative, 3rd person pluralThe perfect stem vīx- (vīvō, vīxī) plus -ērunt. It renders the Greek aorist ἔζησαν.

15. Revelation 13:18: Greek ψηφισάτω is a 3rd-person imperative, “let him count”. Latin has computet. Why?

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Latin normally gives a 3rd-person command with the present subjunctive (a “jussive” subjunctive): computet, “let him count”.

16. Revelation 20:5: ἄχρι τελεσθῇ τὰ χίλια ἔτη has a singular verb, but Latin dōnec cōnsummentur mīlle annī has a plural verb. Why?

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In Greek a neuter plural subject (τὰ ἔτη) takes a singular verb. Latin annī is masculine plural and takes a plural verb.

17. Revelation 20:5: Greek αὕτη ἡ ἀνάστασις ἡ πρώτη has no verb. Latin says haec est resurrēctiō prīma. What has Latin added, and what has it left out?

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Latin adds est (“is”), which Greek can leave unspoken. It leaves out the two articles (ἡ … ἡ), since Latin has no article.

18. Revelation 13:18: Greek ὁ ἔχων νοῦν, “the one having insight”, becomes Latin quī habet intellēctum. Why?

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Latin has no article to turn a participle into a noun, so it uses a relative clause: quī habet, “who has”.

19. Sight reading (Revelation 1:19, not one of the video passages). Translate the Greek and the Latin.

Greek: γράψον οὖν ἃ εἶδες καὶ ἃ εἰσὶν καὶ ἃ μέλλει γίνεσθαι μετὰ ταῦτα.

Latin: Scribe ergo quae vidisti, et quae sunt, et quae oportet fieri post haec.

Help: γράψον = write! (aorist imperative of γράφω); ἅ / quae = (the things) which; εἶδες = you saw (aorist of ὁράω); μέλλω = to be about to; oportet = it is necessary; fierī = to happen.

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Greek: “So write the things you saw, and the things that are, and the things that are about to happen after these things.” Latin: “Write therefore the things you saw, and the things that are, and the things that must happen after these things.”Where Greek has μέλλει γίνεσθαι, “is about to happen”, Latin says oportet fierī, “must happen”. μετὰ ταῦτα / post haec = after these things.

20. Sight reading (Revelation 17:18, not one of the video passages). Translate the Greek and the Latin.

Greek: καὶ ἡ γυνὴ ἣν εἶδες ἔστιν ἡ πόλις ἡ μεγάλη ἡ ἔχουσα βασιλείαν ἐπὶ τῶν βασιλέων τῆς γῆς.

Latin: Et mulier, quam vidisti, est civitas magna, quae habet regnum super reges terrae.

Help: ἥν / quam = whom (feminine accusative); ἡ ἔχουσα = the one having (feminine participle); βασιλεία / rēgnum = kingdom, rule; super + accusative = over.

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Greek: “And the woman whom you saw is the great city that has rule over the kings of the earth” (word for word: “the city, the great one, the one having a kingdom over the kings of the earth”). Latin: “And the woman whom you saw is the great city which has rule over the kings of the earth.”Greek repeats the article (ἡ πόλις ἡ μεγάλη ἡ ἔχουσα); Latin has none and uses a relative clause, quae habet, for the participle.

21. Sight reading (Revelation 22:4, not one of the video passages). Translate the Greek and the Latin.

Greek: καὶ ὄψονται τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ, καὶ τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τῶν μετώπων αὐτῶν.

Latin: Et videbunt faciem ejus: et nomen ejus in frontibus eorum.

Help: ὄψονται = they will see (future of ὁράω); μέτωπον = forehead; frōns, frontis = forehead.

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Greek and Latin: “And they will see his face, and his name will be on their foreheads.”The second half has no verb in either language; English supplies “will be”. αὐτοῦ / ejus = his; αὐτῶν / eōrum = their.

In the PDF: passages from page 156, practice set on page 158. Open the PDF at the practice set.

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