Part Two · Reading the New Testament · Passages 8–33

Mark

26 passages in Greek and Latin, each with pronunciation, an English translation and a note on every word, then a practice set with answers.

Start with Mark 1:22 → Practice: Mark ▶ Mark in the video

8Mark 1:22καὶ ἐξεπλήσσοντο ἐπὶ τῇ διδαχῇ αὐτοῦ, ἦν γὰρ διδάσκων αὐτοὺς ὡς ἐξουσίαν ἔχων καὶ οὐχ ὡς οἱ γραμματεῖς.And they were astounded at his teaching, for he was teaching them like someone who has authority, and not like the scribes.
9Mark 1:29Καὶ εὐθὺς ἐκ τῆς συναγωγῆς ἐξελθόντες ἦλθον εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν Σίμωνος καὶ Ἀνδρέου μετὰ Ἰακώβου καὶ Ἰωάννου.And at once, coming out of the synagogue, they went into the house of Simon and Andrew with James and John.
10Mark 2:3καὶ ἔρχονται φέροντες πρὸς αὐτὸν παραλυτικὸν αἰρόμενον ὑπὸ τεσσάρων.And they come, bringing a paralysed man to him, carried by four.
11Mark 4:13Καὶ λέγει αὐτοῖς· Οὐκ οἴδατε τὴν παραβολὴν ταύτην, καὶ πῶς πάσας τὰς παραβολὰς γνώσεσθε;And he says to them, ‘You do not know this parable? And how will you come to know all the parables?’
12Mark 5:17καὶ ἤρξαντο παρακαλεῖν αὐτὸν ἀπελθεῖν ἀπὸ τῶν ὁρίων αὐτῶν.And they began to plead with him to go away from their district.
13Mark 5:29καὶ εὐθὺς ἐξηράνθη ἡ πηγὴ τοῦ αἵματος αὐτῆς, καὶ ἔγνω τῷ σώματι ὅτι ἴαται ἀπὸ τῆς μάστιγος.And at once the source of her bleeding dried up, and she knew in her body that she had been healed of the affliction.
14Mark 5:30καὶ εὐθὺς ὁ Ἰησοῦς ἐπιγνοὺς ἐν ἑαυτῷ τὴν ἐξ αὐτοῦ δύναμιν ἐξελθοῦσαν ἐπιστραφεὶς ἐν τῷ ὄχλῳ ἔλεγεν· Τίς μου ἥψατο τῶν ἱματίων;And at once Jesus, recognizing within himself the power that had gone out from him, turning around in the crowd, kept saying, “Who touched my clothes?”
15Mark 6:47Καὶ ὀψίας γενομένης ἦν τὸ πλοῖον ἐν μέσῳ τῆς θαλάσσης, καὶ αὐτὸς μόνος ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς.And as evening fell, the boat was in the middle of the sea, and he himself was alone on land.
16Mark 7:14Καὶ προσκαλεσάμενος πάλιν τὸν ὄχλον ἔλεγεν αὐτοῖς· Ἀκούσατέ μου πάντες καὶ σύνετε.And calling the crowd to him again, he was saying to them, “Hear me, every one of you, and understand.”
17Mark 8:5καὶ ἠρώτα αὐτούς· Πόσους ἔχετε ἄρτους; οἱ δὲ εἶπαν· Ἑπτά.And he was asking them, “How many loaves do you have?” And they said, “Seven.”
18Mark 8:10καὶ εὐθὺς ἐμβὰς εἰς τὸ πλοῖον μετὰ τῶν μαθητῶν αὐτοῦ ἦλθεν εἰς τὰ μέρη Δαλμανουθά.And at once, boarding the boat with his disciples, he went into the regions of Dalmanutha.
19Mark 12:10–11οὐδὲ τὴν γραφὴν ταύτην ἀνέγνωτε· Λίθον ὃν ἀπεδοκίμασαν οἱ οἰκοδομοῦντες, οὗτος ἐγενήθη εἰς κεφαλὴν γωνίας· παρὰ κυρίου ἐγένετο αὕτη, καὶ ἔστιν θαυμαστὴ ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς ἡμῶν;Have you not even read this scripture: ‘A stone which the builders rejected, this one became the head of the corner; from the Lord this came about, and it is wonderful in our eyes’?
20Mark 13:10καὶ εἰς πάντα τὰ ἔθνη πρῶτον δεῖ κηρυχθῆναι τὸ εὐαγγέλιον.And to all the nations the good news must first be proclaimed.
21Mark 14:10Καὶ Ἰούδας Ἰσκαριὼθ ὁ εἷς τῶν δώδεκα ἀπῆλθεν πρὸς τοὺς ἀρχιερεῖς ἵνα αὐτὸν παραδοῖ αὐτοῖς.And Judas Iscariot, the one from the twelve, went away to the chief priests so that he might hand him over to them.
22Mark 14:23καὶ λαβὼν ποτήριον εὐχαριστήσας ἔδωκεν αὐτοῖς, καὶ ἔπιον ἐξ αὐτοῦ πάντες.And taking a cup and giving thanks, he gave it to them, and all of them drank from it.
23Mark 14:32Καὶ ἔρχονται εἰς χωρίον οὗ τὸ ὄνομα Γεθσημανί, καὶ λέγει τοῖς μαθηταῖς αὐτοῦ· Καθίσατε ὧδε ἕως προσεύξωμαι.And they come to a piece of ground whose name is Gethsemane, and he says to his disciples, “Sit here until I have prayed.”
24Mark 14:33–34καὶ παραλαμβάνει τὸν Πέτρον καὶ Ἰάκωβον καὶ Ἰωάννην μετ’ αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἤρξατο ἐκθαμβεῖσθαι καὶ ἀδημονεῖν, καὶ λέγει αὐτοῖς· Περίλυπός ἐστιν ἡ ψυχή μου ἕως θανάτου· μείνατε ὧδε καὶ γρηγορεῖτε.And he takes along Peter and James and John with him, and he began to be utterly dismayed and in anguish, and he says to them, “My soul is deeply grieved, all the way to death. Stay here and keep awake.”
25Mark 14:42ἐγείρεσθε ἄγωμεν· ἰδοὺ ὁ παραδιδούς με ἤγγικεν.Get up, let us go. Look, the one handing me over has come near.
26Mark 15:5ὁ δὲ Ἰησοῦς οὐκέτι οὐδὲν ἀπεκρίθη, ὥστε θαυμάζειν τὸν Πιλᾶτον.But Jesus no longer answered anything, so that Pilate marvelled.
27Mark 15:6Κατὰ δὲ ἑορτὴν ἀπέλυεν αὐτοῖς ἕνα δέσμιον ὃν παρῃτοῦντο.Now at each festival he would release one prisoner to them, the one they requested.
28Mark 15:11οἱ δὲ ἀρχιερεῖς ἀνέσεισαν τὸν ὄχλον ἵνα μᾶλλον τὸν Βαραββᾶν ἀπολύσῃ αὐτοῖς.But the chief priests roused the crowd, so that he would instead release Barabbas to them.
29Mark 15:14ὁ δὲ Πιλᾶτος ἔλεγεν αὐτοῖς· Τί γὰρ ἐποίησεν κακόν; οἱ δὲ περισσῶς ἔκραξαν· Σταύρωσον αὐτόν.But Pilate kept saying to them, “What wrong, then, has he done?” Yet they shouted all the louder, “Crucify him!”
30Mark 15:25Ἦν δὲ ὥρα τρίτη καὶ ἐσταύρωσαν αὐτόν.Now it was the third hour, and they crucified him.
31Mark 15:37ὁ δὲ Ἰησοῦς ἀφεὶς φωνὴν μεγάλην ἐξέπνευσεν.And Jesus, letting out a loud cry, breathed his last.
32Mark 16:5καὶ εἰσελθοῦσαι εἰς τὸ μνημεῖον εἶδον νεανίσκον καθήμενον ἐν τοῖς δεξιοῖς περιβεβλημένον στολὴν λευκήν, καὶ ἐξεθαμβήθησαν.And going into the tomb, they saw a young man seated on the right, wrapped in a white robe, and they were struck with amazement.
33Mark 16:14Ὕστερον δὲ ἀνακειμένοις αὐτοῖς τοῖς ἕνδεκα ἐφανερώθη, καὶ ὠνείδισεν τὴν ἀπιστίαν αὐτῶν καὶ σκληροκαρδίαν ὅτι τοῖς θεασαμένοις αὐτὸν ἐγηγερμένον οὐκ ἐπίστευσαν.Later, as they were reclining at table, he was revealed to the eleven, and he reproached their unbelief and hardness of heart, because they did not believe those who had seen him raised.

Practice: Mark

27 questions · answers under each one

These questions use the twenty-six passages from Mark: the core words they introduce, forms to parse, places where the Latin differs from the Greek, and three verses to read at sight.

1. Match each Greek verb with its meaning.

ἔρχομαι
γινώσκω
λαμβάνω
δίδωμι
ποιέω
ὁράω
πιστεύω
ἐγείρω

to take, receive
to give
to believe, trust
to see
to raise, wake
to know, come to know
to come, go
to do, make

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1–g, 2–f, 3–a, 4–b, 5–h, 6–d, 7–c, 8–e (ἔρχομαι = to come, go; γινώσκω = to know, come to know; λαμβάνω = to take, receive; δίδωμι = to give; ποιέω = to do, make; ὁράω = to see; πιστεύω = to believe, trust; ἐγείρω = to raise, wake)

2. Match each Greek noun with its meaning.

ὄχλος
θάλασσα
πλοῖον
ὄνομα
ψυχή
θάνατος
φωνή
ὀφθαλμός

boat
soul, life, self
death
eye
crowd
sea, lake
name
voice, sound, cry

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1–e, 2–f, 3–a, 4–g, 5–b, 6–c, 7–h, 8–d (ὄχλος = crowd; θάλασσα = sea, lake; πλοῖον = boat; ὄνομα = name; ψυχή = soul, life, self; θάνατος = death; φωνή = voice, sound, cry; ὀφθαλμός = eye)

3. Match each Latin word with its meaning.

statim
iterum
ecce
dōnec
omnis
quis
magnus
nihil

look! see!
all, every
nothing
at once, immediately
who?
until
again
great, large, loud

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1–d, 2–g, 3–a, 4–f, 5–b, 6–e, 7–h, 8–c (statim = at once, immediately; iterum = again; ecce = look! see!; dōnec = until; omnis = all, every; quis = who?; magnus = great, large, loud; nihil = nothing)

4. Match each Greek word with the Latin word used for it in Mark.

ἔρχομαι
δίδωμι
λαμβάνω
πιστεύω
κύριος
μαθητής
γῆ
ὄνομα

accipiō
discipulus
crēdō
veniō
terra
nōmen
dō
dominus

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1–d, 2–g, 3–a, 4–c, 5–h, 6–b, 7–e, 8–f (ἔρχομαι = veniō; δίδωμι = dō; λαμβάνω = accipiō; πιστεύω = crēdō; κύριος = dominus; μαθητής = discipulus; γῆ = terra; ὄνομα = nōmen)

5. Mark’s favorite word εὐθύς means:

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(b) immediately, at onceLatin varies its word for it: prōtinus (1:29), cōnfestim (5:29), statim (5:30, 8:10).

6. In Mark 14:10, ἵνα αὐτὸν παραδοῖ αὐτοῖς: what does ἵνα introduce?

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(b) a purpose, “so that”, with a subjunctiveἵνα + subjunctive = “so that / in order that”. Latin uses ut + subjunctive: ut prōderet eum illīs.

7. In Mark 13:10, τὰ ἔθνη (plural of ἔθνος) refers to:

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(b) the nations, often meaning the GentilesLatin: gentēs, from gēns.

8. Mark 1:22, ἦν … διδάσκων αὐτούς, is best translated:

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(b) he was teaching themThe imperfect of εἰμί + a present participle describes an ongoing past action. Latin copies the pattern: erat docēns.

9. Parse ἦλθον (Mark 1:29): give its dictionary form and a full parse.

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ἔρχομαι, “to come, go”: aorist active indicative, 3rd person plural (here “they went”; the same form can also mean “I came”)ἦλθον is the second aorist of ἔρχομαι: stem ελθ-, augmented to ἠλθ-.

10. Parse ἔρχονται (Mark 2:3): give its dictionary form and a full parse.

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ἔρχομαι, “to come, go”: present middle indicative, 3rd person plural (deponent: middle form, active meaning)-ονται is the 3rd plural middle/passive ending. Mark uses the vivid present for a past event; Latin has the perfect vēnērunt.

11. Parse οἴδατε (Mark 4:13): give its dictionary form and a full parse.

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οἶδα, “to know”: perfect active indicative, 2nd person plural (perfect form, present meaning: “you know”)οἶδα has perfect forms only (οἶδα, οἶδας, οἶδεν … οἴδατε) with present meaning; its past “I knew” is the pluperfect ᾔδειν (ᾔδει, John 6:6).

12. Parse γνώσεσθε (Mark 4:13): give its dictionary form and a full parse.

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γινώσκω, “to know, come to know”: future middle indicative, 2nd person pluralγινώσκω has a middle future: γνώσομαι. -σεσθε = future σ + 2nd plural middle ending -εσθε.

13. Parse ἔδωκεν (Mark 14:23): give its dictionary form and a full parse.

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δίδωμι, “to give”: aorist active indicative, 3rd person singularδίδωμι forms its aorist with κ: ἔδωκα, ἔδωκας, ἔδωκεν. Latin dedit, from dō, shares the root.

14. Parse λαβών (Mark 14:23): give its dictionary form and a full parse.

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λαμβάνω, “to take, receive”: aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine-ών on the second-aorist stem λαβ- (from λαμβάνω): “having taken”.

15. Parse κηρυχθῆναι (Mark 13:10): give its dictionary form and a full parse.

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κηρύσσω, “to proclaim, preach”: aorist passive infinitive-θῆναι is the aorist passive infinitive ending: “to be proclaimed”. Latin: praedicārī.

16. Parse ἄγωμεν (Mark 14:42): give its dictionary form and a full parse.

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ἄγω, “to lead, go”: present active subjunctive, 1st person pluralThe long vowel ω (ἄγωμεν, not ἄγομεν) marks the subjunctive; in the 1st person plural it means “let us …”: “let us go”.

17. Parse σταύρωσον (Mark 15:14): give its dictionary form and a full parse.

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σταυρόω, “to crucify”: aorist active imperative, 2nd person singular-σον is the aorist imperative ending for one person: “crucify!”

18. Parse the Latin vēnērunt (Mark 1:29): give its dictionary form and a full parse.

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veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventum, “to come”: perfect active indicative, 3rd person pluralThe perfect stem vēn- (long e) plus -ērunt. It renders the Greek aorist ἦλθον: Latin has no separate aorist.

19. Parse the Latin dedit (Mark 14:23): give its dictionary form and a full parse.

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dō, dare, dedī, datum, “to give”: perfect active indicative, 3rd person singularThe perfect of dō is reduplicated: dedī, dedistī, dedit. Greek ἔδωκεν is the aorist of the related verb δίδωμι.

20. Mark 6:47: Greek ὀψίας γενομένης is a genitive absolute, “evening having come”. Latin says cum sērō esset, “when it was late”. What has the Latin done?

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Latin has turned the Greek participle phrase into a clause: cum with the subjunctive (esset), its usual way of saying “when …”.Greek loves participles; Latin often prefers a clause. Here the Latin also says “late” (sērō) instead of “evening”.

21. Mark 2:3: Greek αἰρόμενον ὑπὸ τεσσάρων means “being carried by four”. Latin has quī ā quatuor portābātur, “who was being carried by four”. Why a clause?

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Latin has no present passive participle (no single word for “being carried”), so it uses a relative clause with an imperfect passive verb, portābātur.

22. Mark 15:5: Greek ὥστε θαυμάζειν τὸν Πιλᾶτον has an infinitive with Pilate in the accusative. Latin has ita ut mīrārētur Pīlātus. Explain both.

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After ὥστε (“so that”, result) Greek uses an infinitive whose subject goes in the accusative (τὸν Πιλᾶτον). Latin expresses result with ut + subjunctive (mīrārētur), so Pīlātus is an ordinary nominative subject.

23. Mark 5:30: Greek ἥψατο τῶν ἱματίων puts “the clothes” in the genitive. Latin tetigit vestīmenta uses the accusative. Why?

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Greek ἅπτω in the middle voice (“to touch”) takes the genitive. Latin tangō takes a plain accusative object.

24. Mark 5:17: Greek παρακαλεῖν αὐτὸν ἀπελθεῖν, “to beg him to go away”, uses an infinitive. Latin says rogāre eum ut discēderet. Why?

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After verbs of asking, Latin normally uses ut + subjunctive (“that he should go away”) instead of an infinitive.

25. Sight reading (Mark 4:3, not one of the video passages). Translate the Greek and the Latin.

Greek: Ἀκούετε. ἰδοὺ ἐξῆλθεν ὁ σπείρων σπεῖραι.

Latin: Audite: ecce exiit seminans ad seminandum.

Help: σπείρω / sēminō = to sow; σπεῖραι is the aorist infinitive; ad sēminandum = for sowing (a gerund).

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Greek: “Listen! Look, the sower went out to sow.” (word for word: “the one sowing went out to sow”). Latin: “Listen: look, a sower went out to sow” (word for word: “for sowing”).Greek ὁ σπείρων, article + participle, is “the sower”; Latin sēmināns has no article. Greek expresses purpose with the infinitive σπεῖραι, Latin with ad + gerund, ad sēminandum. ἐξῆλθεν (aorist of ἐξέρχομαι) = exiit (perfect of exeō).

26. Sight reading (Mark 15:13, not one of the video passages). Translate the Greek and the Latin.

Greek: οἱ δὲ πάλιν ἔκραξαν· Σταύρωσον αὐτόν.

Latin: At illi iterum clamaverunt: Crucifige eum.

Help: κράζω = to cry out; clāmō = to shout.

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Greek and Latin: “And they shouted again, ‘Crucify him!’” (Latin at illī: “but they”).οἱ δέ, the article with δέ, marks a change of speaker: “and they”. σταύρωσον and crucifīge are both commands to one person.

27. Sight reading (Mark 15:2, not one of the video passages). Translate the Greek and the Latin.

Greek: καὶ ἐπηρώτησεν αὐτὸν ὁ Πιλᾶτος· Σὺ εἶ ὁ βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων; ὁ δὲ ἀποκριθεὶς αὐτῷ λέγει· Σὺ λέγεις.

Latin: Et interrogavit eum Pilatus: Tu es rex Judaeorum? At ille respondens, ait illi: Tu dicis.

Help: ἐπερωτάω = to ask, question; Ἰουδαῖος = Jew; Jūdaeus = Jew; ait = he says, he said.

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Greek: “And Pilate questioned him, ‘Are you the king of the Jews?’ And he answered him and says, ‘You say so.’” (word for word: “he, answering him, says, ‘You say.’”). Latin: “And Pilate questioned him: ‘Are you the king of the Jews?’ But he, answering, said to him: ‘You say so.’”Σὺ εἶ = Tū es, “you are”. ὁ δὲ ἀποκριθεὶς … λέγει = at ille respondēns ait: the Greek participle is kept as a Latin present participle.

In the PDF: passages from page 31, practice set on page 56. Open the PDF at the practice set.