1 Timothy 5:19–20

Paul instructs Timothy about charges brought against elders.

Greek

κατὰkah-TAHπρεσβυτέρουpres-boo-TEH-rooκατηγορίανkah-tay-go-REE-anμὴmayπαραδέχου,pah-rah-DEH-kooἐκτὸςek-TOSεἰayμὴmayἐπὶeh-PEEδύοDOO-oἢayτριῶνtrih-OHNμαρτύρων·mar-TOO-rohnτοὺςtoosἁμαρτάνονταςhah-mar-TAH-non-tasἐνώπιονeh-NOH-pih-onπάντωνPAN-tohnἔλεγχε,EH-len-kehἵναHEE-nahκαὶkaiοἱhoyλοιποὶloy-POYφόβονFO-bonἔχωσιν.EH-koh-sin

Latin

Adversusad-WER-suspresbyterumpres-BIH-teh-rumaccūsātiōnemah-koo-sah-tee-OH-nemnōlīNOH-leerecipere,reh-KIH-peh-rehnisiNIH-sihsubsubduōbusdoo-OH-busautowttribusTRIH-bustestibus.TES-tih-busPeccantēspeh-KAN-tayscōramKOH-ramomnibusOM-nih-busargue:AR-goo-ehututetetcēterīKAY-teh-reetimōremtih-MOH-remhabeant.HAH-beh-ant

English

Do not accept an accusation against an elder unless it rests on two or three witnesses. Those who keep sinning, rebuke before everyone, so that the rest also may have fear.

Word by word

Greek	Latin	Note
κατὰfrom κατά, “against; according to”	Adversusfrom adversus	κατὰ: against, with the genitive. Latin: adversus, against, with the accusative.
πρεσβυτέρουfrom πρεσβύτερος, “elder”	presbyterumfrom presbyter	πρεσβυτέρου: an elder. Latin borrows the Greek word: presbyterum.
κατηγορίανfrom κατηγορία, “accusation, charge”	accūsātiōnemfrom accūsātiō	κατηγορίαν: accusation, from κατηγορία. Latin: accūsātiōnem.
μὴ παραδέχουfrom παραδέχομαι, “to accept, receive”	nōlī reciperefrom nōlō	μὴ παραδέχου: do not accept, from παραδέχομαι, to receive. Latin forbids with nōlī and an infinitive: nōlī recipere, literally be unwilling to receive.
ἐκτὸς εἰ μὴfrom ἐκτός, “outside; except”	nisiall forms	ἐκτὸς εἰ μὴ: unless, literally outside if not. Latin: nisi.
ἐπὶfrom ἐπί, “on, upon”	suball forms	ἐπὶ: on, here on the basis of. Latin: sub, under.
δύοall forms, “two”	duōbusfrom duo	δύο: two, which rarely changes its ending. Latin: duōbus, from duo, ablative after sub.
ἢfrom ἤ, “or; than”	autall forms	ἢ: or. Latin: aut.
τριῶνfrom τρεῖς, “three”	tribusfrom trēs	τριῶν: three. Latin: tribus.
μαρτύρωνfrom μάρτυς, “witness”	testibusfrom testis	μαρτύρων: witnesses, from μάρτυς, whence martyr. Latin: testibus, from testis.
τοὺς ἁμαρτάνονταςfrom ἁμαρτάνω, “to sin”	Peccantēsfrom peccō	τοὺς ἁμαρτάνοντας: those who are sinning, from ἁμαρτάνω, to sin. The article with a participle makes a noun. Latin uses the participle alone: peccantēs, from peccō.
ἐνώπιονall forms, “before, in front of”	cōramall forms	ἐνώπιον: before, in front of, with the genitive. Latin: cōram, in the presence of.
πάντωνfrom πᾶς, “all, every”	omnibusfrom omnis	πάντων: all. Latin: omnibus.
ἔλεγχεfrom ἐλέγχω, “to expose, rebuke”	arguefrom arguō	ἔλεγχε: rebuke, from ἐλέγχω, to expose or reprove. A command to one person. Latin: argue, from arguō.
ἵναall forms, “so that, in order that”	utall forms	ἵνα: so that. Latin: ut.
καὶfrom καί, “and; also”	etall forms	καὶ: also. Latin: et.
οἱ λοιποὶfrom λοιπός, “remaining, the rest”	cēterīfrom cēterus	οἱ λοιποὶ: the rest, from λοιπός, remaining. Latin: cēterī, the others, from cēterus.
φόβονfrom φόβος, “fear”	timōremfrom timor	φόβον: fear, from φόβος, whence our word phobia. Latin: timōrem, from timor.
ἔχωσινfrom ἔχω, “to have”	habeantfrom habeō	ἔχωσιν: they may have, a subjunctive after ἵνα. Latin likewise: habeant.

New core words

Greek

δύο two ἁμαρτάνω sin ἐνώπιον before, in front of λοιπός remaining; the rest φόβος fear

Latin

adversus against; toward, opposite nōlō not want, be unwilling, refuse nisi unless, if not; except sub under (+ abl.); under, toward (+ acc.)duo two peccō sin, do wrong cōram in the presence of,before; (adv.) openly cēterus the other, the rest timor fear

Greek core words met325 / 345 Latin core words met323 / 345

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