Part Two · Reading the New Testament · Passages 99–122
The Letters
24 passages in Greek and Latin, each with pronunciation, an English translation and a note on every word, then a practice set with answers.
- 99Romans 7:1Ἢ ἀγνοεῖτε, ἀδελφοί, γινώσκουσιν γὰρ νόμον λαλῶ, ὅτι ὁ νόμος κυριεύει τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἐφ’ ὅσον χρόνον ζῇ;Or are you unaware, brothers, for I speak to people who know law, that the law is master of a person for as much time as he lives?
- 100Romans 16:13ἀσπάσασθε Ῥοῦφον τὸν ἐκλεκτὸν ἐν κυρίῳ καὶ τὴν μητέρα αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐμοῦ.Greet Rufus, the chosen one in the Lord, and his mother and mine.
- 1011 Corinthians 14:12οὕτως καὶ ὑμεῖς, ἐπεὶ ζηλωταί ἐστε πνευμάτων, πρὸς τὴν οἰκοδομὴν τῆς ἐκκλησίας ζητεῖτε ἵνα περισσεύητε.So you too, since you are eager for spirits, seek that you may abound for the building up of the church.
- 1022 Corinthians 11:18ἐπεὶ πολλοὶ καυχῶνται κατὰ σάρκα, κἀγὼ καυχήσομαι.Since many are boasting by the standard of the flesh, I also will boast.
- 103Galatians 1:10Ἄρτι γὰρ ἀνθρώπους πείθω ἢ τὸν θεόν; ἢ ζητῶ ἀνθρώποις ἀρέσκειν; εἰ ἔτι ἀνθρώποις ἤρεσκον, Χριστοῦ δοῦλος οὐκ ἂν ἤμην.For am I now persuading people, or God? Or am I seeking to please people? If I were still pleasing people, I would not be Christ’s slave.
- 104Galatians 3:5ὁ οὖν ἐπιχορηγῶν ὑμῖν τὸ πνεῦμα καὶ ἐνεργῶν δυνάμεις ἐν ὑμῖν ἐξ ἔργων νόμου ἢ ἐξ ἀκοῆς πίστεως;So the one who supplies you with the Spirit and works miracles among you: is it from works of law, or from the hearing of faith?
- 105Galatians 4:11φοβοῦμαι ὑμᾶς μή πως εἰκῇ κεκοπίακα εἰς ὑμᾶς.I am afraid for you, that I have somehow toiled over you for nothing.
- 106Galatians 5:5ἡμεῖς γὰρ πνεύματι ἐκ πίστεως ἐλπίδα δικαιοσύνης ἀπεκδεχόμεθα.For we, by the Spirit, from faith, eagerly await the hope of righteousness.
- 107Ephesians 3:13διὸ αἰτοῦμαι μὴ ἐγκακεῖν ἐν ταῖς θλίψεσίν μου ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν, ἥτις ἐστὶν δόξα ὑμῶν.For this reason I ask you not to be discouraged at my afflictions for your sake, which is your glory.
- 108Philippians 2:22τὴν δὲ δοκιμὴν αὐτοῦ γινώσκετε, ὅτι ὡς πατρὶ τέκνον σὺν ἐμοὶ ἐδούλευσεν εἰς τὸ εὐαγγέλιον.But you know his tested worth, that like a child to a father he served alongside me for the gospel.
- 109Philippians 4:4Χαίρετε ἐν κυρίῳ πάντοτε· πάλιν ἐρῶ, χαίρετε.Be glad in the Lord at all times. Again I will say: be glad.
- 1102 Thessalonians 2:15ἄρα οὖν, ἀδελφοί, στήκετε, καὶ κρατεῖτε τὰς παραδόσεις ἃς ἐδιδάχθητε εἴτε διὰ λόγου εἴτε δι’ ἐπιστολῆς ἡμῶν.Therefore, brothers, stand firm, and hold fast to the traditions which you were taught, whether through spoken word or through our letter.
- 1111 Timothy 2:8Βούλομαι οὖν προσεύχεσθαι τοὺς ἄνδρας ἐν παντὶ τόπῳ, ἐπαίροντας ὁσίους χεῖρας χωρὶς ὀργῆς καὶ διαλογισμοῦ.So I want the men to pray in every place, raising holy hands without anger and dispute.
- 1121 Timothy 5:19–20κατὰ πρεσβυτέρου κατηγορίαν μὴ παραδέχου, ἐκτὸς εἰ μὴ ἐπὶ δύο ἢ τριῶν μαρτύρων· τοὺς ἁμαρτάνοντας ἐνώπιον πάντων ἔλεγχε, ἵνα καὶ οἱ λοιποὶ φόβον ἔχωσιν.Do not accept an accusation against an elder unless it rests on two or three witnesses. Those who keep sinning, rebuke before everyone, so that the rest also may have fear.
- 113Hebrews 5:4καὶ οὐχ ἑαυτῷ τις λαμβάνει τὴν τιμήν, ἀλλὰ καλούμενος ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ, καθώσπερ καὶ Ἀαρών.And no one takes the honour upon himself; rather, he is called by God, just as Aaron too was.
- 114Hebrews 7:7χωρὶς δὲ πάσης ἀντιλογίας τὸ ἔλαττον ὑπὸ τοῦ κρείττονος εὐλογεῖται.Now, with no dispute at all, the lesser one is blessed by the better one.
- 115Hebrews 10:26–27Ἑκουσίως γὰρ ἁμαρτανόντων ἡμῶν μετὰ τὸ λαβεῖν τὴν ἐπίγνωσιν τῆς ἀληθείας, οὐκέτι περὶ ἁμαρτιῶν ἀπολείπεται θυσία, φοβερὰ δέ τις ἐκδοχὴ κρίσεως καὶ πυρὸς ζῆλος ἐσθίειν μέλλοντος τοὺς ὑπεναντίους.For when we keep sinning by choice after receiving the full knowledge of the truth, there is no longer any sacrifice left for sins, but a certain dreadful expectation of judgment, and a zeal of fire that is about to devour the opponents.
- 116Hebrews 13:8Ἰησοῦς Χριστὸς ἐχθὲς καὶ σήμερον ὁ αὐτός, καὶ εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας.Jesus Christ, yesterday and today, is the same, and on into the ages.
- 117James 4:16–17νῦν δὲ καυχᾶσθε ἐν ταῖς ἀλαζονείαις ὑμῶν· πᾶσα καύχησις τοιαύτη πονηρά ἐστιν. εἰδότι οὖν καλὸν ποιεῖν καὶ μὴ ποιοῦντι, ἁμαρτία αὐτῷ ἐστιν.But now you boast in your arrogant ways; every boast of this kind is evil. So if someone knows how to do good and does not do it, for him it is sin.
- 1181 Peter 4:19ὥστε καὶ οἱ πάσχοντες κατὰ τὸ θέλημα τοῦ θεοῦ πιστῷ κτίστῃ παρατιθέσθωσαν τὰς ψυχὰς αὐτῶν ἐν ἀγαθοποιΐᾳ.So then, let those too who suffer in line with God’s will commit their souls to a faithful Creator while doing good.
- 1191 John 4:8ὁ μὴ ἀγαπῶν οὐκ ἔγνω τὸν θεόν, ὅτι ὁ θεὸς ἀγάπη ἐστίν.Whoever does not love has not come to know God, since God is love.
- 1201 John 4:11ἀγαπητοί, εἰ οὕτως ὁ θεὸς ἠγάπησεν ἡμᾶς, καὶ ἡμεῖς ὀφείλομεν ἀλλήλους ἀγαπᾶν.Beloved, if this is how God loved us, we too are obliged to love one another.
- 1211 John 4:18φόβος οὐκ ἔστιν ἐν τῇ ἀγάπῃ, ἀλλ’ ἡ τελεία ἀγάπη ἔξω βάλλει τὸν φόβον, ὅτι ὁ φόβος κόλασιν ἔχει, ὁ δὲ φοβούμενος οὐ τετελείωται ἐν τῇ ἀγάπῃ.Fear does not exist in love, but complete love throws fear out, because fear carries punishment, and the one who fears has not been made complete in love.
- 1221 John 5:1Πᾶς ὁ πιστεύων ὅτι Ἰησοῦς ἐστιν ὁ χριστὸς ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ γεγέννηται, καὶ πᾶς ὁ ἀγαπῶν τὸν γεννήσαντα ἀγαπᾷ καὶ τὸν γεγεννημένον ἐξ αὐτοῦ.Everyone who believes that Jesus is the Christ has been born from God, and everyone who loves the father also loves the one born from him.
Practice: The Letters
26 questions · answers under each oneThese questions use the twenty-four passages from the Letters (Romans to 1 John): the core words they introduce, forms to parse, places where the Latin differs from the Greek, and three verses to read at sight.
1. Match each Greek noun with its meaning.
- ἀδελφός
- νόμος
- ἐκκλησία
- σάρξ
- ἔργον
- ἐλπίς
- ἀγάπη
- ἀλήθεια
- love
- hope
- law
- truth
- brother
- flesh
- work, deed
- assembly, church
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2. Match each Greek verb with its meaning.
- ζάω
- καλέω
- ἁμαρτάνω
- φοβέομαι
- πάσχω
- βάλλω
- αἰτέω
- γεννάω
- to throw, cast
- to fear, be afraid
- to suffer
- to ask, request
- to sin
- to live
- to father; to give birth to
- to call
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3. Match each Latin word with its meaning.
- semper
- sine
- sīc
- itaque
- propter
- post
- cōram
- nisi
- in the presence of, before
- unless, except
- because of, on account of
- after
- and so, therefore
- without
- thus, in this way
- always
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4. Match each Greek word with the Latin word used for it in the Letters.
- ἀδελφός
- νόμος
- ἐλπίς
- ἀγάπη
- ἀλήθεια
- φόβος
- πῦρ
- σάρξ
- vēritās
- timor
- frāter
- lēx
- ignis
- cāritās
- carō
- spēs
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5. Philippians 2:22: σὺν ἐμοί, “with me”. Which case follows σύν?
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6. Ephesians 3:13: ἐν ταῖς θλίψεσίν μου ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν. Here ὑπέρ with the genitive means:
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7. 2 Corinthians 11:18: κἀγὼ καυχήσομαι. The word κἀγώ is a blend of:
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8. Parse ζῇ (Romans 7:1): give its dictionary form and a full parse.
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9. Parse ἀσπάσασθε (Romans 16:13): give its dictionary form and a full parse.
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10. Parse φοβοῦμαι (Galatians 4:11): give its dictionary form and a full parse.
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11. Parse ἐδιδάχθητε (2 Thessalonians 2:15): give its dictionary form and a full parse.
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12. Parse ἀγαπῶν (1 John 4:8): give its dictionary form and a full parse.
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13. Parse ἔγνω (1 John 4:8): give its dictionary form and a full parse.
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14. Parse γεγέννηται (1 John 5:1): give its dictionary form and a full parse.
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15. Parse ἐλπίδα (Galatians 5:5): give its dictionary form and a full parse.
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16. Parse ἄνδρας (1 Timothy 2:8): give its dictionary form and a full parse.
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17. Parse the Latin dīlēxit (1 John 4:11): give its dictionary form and a full parse.
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18. Parse the Latin nātus est (1 John 5:1): give its dictionary form and a full parse.
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19. Romans 16:13: τὴν μητέρα αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐμοῦ, “his mother and mine”, uses ἐμοῦ, the genitive of ἐγώ (“of me”). Latin says mātrem ejus et meam. Why meam?
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20. Galatians 1:10: Greek ἀνθρώπους πείθω has “people” in the accusative; Latin hominibus suādeō has the dative. Why?
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21. 1 Timothy 5:19: Greek forbids with μὴ παραδέχου (μή + imperative). Latin says nōlī recipere. How does Latin form this prohibition?
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22. Hebrews 10:26: Greek ἑκουσίως γὰρ ἁμαρτανόντων ἡμῶν (genitive) becomes Latin voluntāriē enim peccantibus nōbīs (ablative). What construction is each?
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23. Galatians 4:11: φοβοῦμαι ὑμᾶς μή … κεκοπίακα becomes timeō vōs nē … labōrāverim. What do μή and nē mean after a verb of fearing?
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24. Sight reading (1 Corinthians 13:13, not one of the video passages). Translate the Greek and the Latin.
Greek: νυνὶ δὲ μένει πίστις, ἐλπίς, ἀγάπη· τὰ τρία ταῦτα, μείζων δὲ τούτων ἡ ἀγάπη.
Latin: Nunc autem manent fides, spes, caritas, tria haec: major autem horum est caritas.
Help: νυνί = now (a stronger νῦν); μένω / maneō = remain; μείζων / mājor = greater; τούτων / hōrum = of these.
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25. Sight reading (Romans 7:12, not one of the video passages). Translate the Greek and the Latin.
Greek: ὥστε ὁ μὲν νόμος ἅγιος, καὶ ἡ ἐντολὴ ἁγία καὶ δικαία καὶ ἀγαθή.
Latin: Itaque lex quidem sancta, et mandatum sanctum, et justum, et bonum.
Help: ὥστε = so then; μέν / quidem = indeed (often left untranslated); δίκαιος / jūstus = righteous, just.
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26. Sight reading (1 John 4:5, not one of the video passages). Translate the Greek and the Latin.
Greek: αὐτοὶ ἐκ τοῦ κόσμου εἰσίν· διὰ τοῦτο ἐκ τοῦ κόσμου λαλοῦσιν καὶ ὁ κόσμος αὐτῶν ἀκούει.
Latin: Ipsi de mundo sunt: ideo de mundo loquuntur, et mundus eos audit.
Help: διὰ τοῦτο = because of this; ideō = therefore; loquuntur = they speak (loquor).
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In the PDF: passages from page 129, practice set on page 153. Open the PDF at the practice set.