Appendix A · Core vocabulary

Latin core words

The 345 most common Latin words of the New Testament, in order of frequency (names are not counted). “NT” is how many times the word occurs in the Latin New Testament (Clementine Vulgate). Open any word for every one of its forms.

345 words
#WordSay itMeaningNTFirst met
1etetand; also, even9438Matthew 10:40
2sumsumbe, exist; (est) there is5361Matthew 12:30
3ininin, on (+ abl.); into, onto, against (+ acc.)4514Matthew 22:13
4quīkweewho, which, that4190Matthew 10:40
5isishe, she, it; this, that3586Matthew 10:40
6dīcōDEE-kohsay, speak, tell; call2177Matthew 20:13
7autemOW-tembut, however, now; and2146Matthew 23:13
8nōnnohnnot1969Matthew 12:30
9illeIH-lehthat, that one; he, she, it1692Matthew 20:13
10vōswohsyou (plural)1551Matthew 10:40
11deusDEH-usgod; God1375Luke 2:40
12egoEH-goI, me1373Matthew 10:40
13hichikthis; he, she, it1351Mark 4:13
14omnisOM-nisall, every, whole; pl. all, everyone1253Mark 4:13
15cumkumwith (+ abl.); when, since, although (conj.)1131Mark 1:29
16ututthat, so that, in order that; as, when1101Mark 5:17
17adadto, toward; at, near; for, in order to1080Mark 2:3
18enimEH-nimfor, indeed913Matthew 23:13
19ababfrom, away from; by (agent)906Mark 2:3
20faciōFAH-kee-ohmake, do; cause; produce816Matthew 20:13
21quiaKWEE-ahbecause, since; that805Matthew 23:13
22dēdayfrom, down from, out of; about, concerning782Mark 1:29
23veniōWEH-nee-ohcome; arrive765Mark 1:29
24suusSOO-ushis, her, its, their (own)753Mark 8:10
25dominusDO-mih-nuslord, master; the Lord745Mark 12:10–11
26habeōHAH-beh-ohhave, hold, keep; consider738Mark 1:22
27tūtooyou (singular)727Matthew 20:13
28videōWIH-deh-ohsee, look at; perceive696Mark 16:5
29sedsedbut, but rather665Luke 5:14
30sīseeif; whether644Luke 13:5
31quiskwiswho? what?; anyone, anything584Mark 5:30
32nōsnohswe, us584Luke 17:5
33ChrīstusKREES-tusChrist, the Anointed One568Galatians 1:10
34homōHO-mohhuman being, man, person; pl. people565Matthew 23:13
35meusMEH-usmy, mine520Mark 5:30
36exexout of, from; of; since512Matthew 20:13
37ipseIP-seh-self, himself, herself, itself; the very508Matthew 5:7
38fīliusFEE-lee-usson; descendant498Luke 11:30
39perperthrough, throughout; by means of; by (oaths)486Mark 15:6
40audiōOW-dee-ohhear, listen to; obey458Matthew 13:18
41dōdohgive, grant; put450Mark 14:23
42ergōER-gohtherefore, then, so438Matthew 13:18
43fīōFEE-ohbecome; be made, be done; happen432Mark 12:10–11
44diēsDEE-aysday; time423Mark 15:6
45multusMUL-tusmuch, many; pl. many4222 Corinthians 11:18
46paterPAH-terfather421Luke 11:47
47tuusTOO-usyour, yours (singular)404Luke 1:38
48sīcutSEE-kutjust as, as; as it were393Mark 1:22
49spīritusSPEE-rih-tusspirit; breath, wind; the Holy Spirit381Luke 24:37
50vesterWES-teryour, yours (plural)353Luke 11:47
51frāterFRAH-terbrother; fellow believer350Romans 7:1
52mittōMIH-tohsend; put, throw; let go343Matthew 10:40
53quoniamKWO-nee-amsince, because; that331Matthew 5:7
54ūnusOO-nusone; a, a certain; only325Matthew 20:13
55superSOO-perover, upon, above (+ acc.); about (+ abl.)324Mark 1:22
56nosterNOS-terour, ours309Mark 12:10–11
57sēsayhimself, herself, itself, themselves306Luke 24:37
58loquorLOK-worspeak, talk, say306Acts 19:5–6
59sciōSKEE-ohknow, understand299Luke 8:53
60caelumKAI-lumsky, heaven286Matthew 23:13
61aiōAH-yohsay, affirm286Mark 4:13
62magnusMAG-nusgreat, large, big; loud (voice)285Mark 15:37
63verbumWER-bumword, saying; matter, thing281Luke 1:38
64accipiōah-KIH-pee-ohreceive, take, accept277Mark 14:23
65crēdōKRAY-dohbelieve, trust; entrust269Mark 16:14
66nequeNEK-wehand not, nor; neque … neque neither … nor267Luke 6:44
67discipulusdis-KIH-poo-lusdisciple, pupil, learner262Mark 8:10
68terraTEH-rahearth, land, ground261Mark 6:47
69respondeōres-PON-deh-ohanswer, reply260Matthew 20:13
70bonusBO-nusgood260Luke 1:51–53
71sānctusSAHNK-tusholy, sacred; (pl. noun) the saints255Acts 9:32
72aliusAH-lee-usother, another; aliī … aliī some … others253Luke 8:7
73secundusseh-KUN-dussecond; (secundum + acc.) according to252Luke 1:38
74fidēsFIH-daysfaith, trust; faithfulness249Luke 17:5
75moriorMO-ree-ordie239Luke 8:53
76ecceEH-kehbehold!, look!, see!237Mark 14:42
77possumPO-sumbe able, can236Luke 14:20
78nōmenNOH-menname232Mark 14:32
79propterPROP-terbecause of, on account of; for the sake of231Ephesians 3:13
80grātiaGRAH-tee-ahgrace, favor; thanks228Mark 14:23
81scrībōSKREE-bohwrite223John 19:22
82domusDO-mushouse, home; household, family216Mark 1:29
83quīdamKWEE-dama certain (one), someone216Luke 13:1
84virwirman, husband2151 Timothy 2:8
85autowtor; aut … aut either … or215Luke 8:16
86volōWO-lohwant, wish, be willing213John 1:43
87lēxlayxlaw; the Law (of Moses)213Romans 7:1
88prōprohfor, on behalf of; in place of; before201Luke 5:14
89mundusMUN-dusworld; the universe197John 1:9
90manusMAH-nushand; band (of people); power188Matthew 22:13
91peccātumpeh-KAH-tumsin, fault186John 9:41
92nēnaythat not, lest; not (in prohibitions)186Galatians 4:11
93vocōWO-kohcall, summon, invite; name182Hebrews 5:4
94inveniōin-WEH-nee-ohfind, discover, come upon181John 1:43
95opusO-puswork, deed; need (opus est)179Galatians 3:5
96nōlōNOH-lohnot want, be unwilling, refuse1751 Timothy 5:19–20
97corkorheart166Mark 16:14
98rēgnumRAYG-numkingdom, reign, rule164Matthew 23:13
99vērōWAY-rohbut, however; indeed, truly164Mark 15:14
100cīvitāsKEE-wih-tahscity, town; state, citizenship163Luke 13:22
101dīligōDEE-lih-gohlove, esteem, value163John 13:34
102gēnsgaynsnation, people; pl. the Gentiles160Mark 13:10
103cognōscōkog-NOHS-kohknow, recognize, learn158Mark 4:13
104exeōEK-seh-ohgo out, come out, leave158Mark 5:30
105turbaTUR-bahcrowd, multitude; uproar158Mark 5:30
106tunctunkthen, at that time157Matthew 22:13
107nuncnunknow157John 9:41
108angelusAN-geh-lusangel; messenger155Luke 1:38
109quidemKWIH-demindeed, certainly; nē … quidem not even154Luke 23:41
110prophētapro-FAY-tahprophet151Luke 11:47
111stōstohstand; stand firm151Luke 7:14
112glōriaGLOH-ree-ahglory, honor, praise151John 8:50
113nēmōNAY-mohno one, nobody151Luke 5:14
114corpusKOR-pusbody149Mark 5:29
115vītaWEE-tahlife148Luke 18:18
116āmēnAH-maynamen, truly; so be it147John 8:51
117carōKAH-rohflesh, meat; human nature1462 Corinthians 11:18
118vōxwohxvoice; sound, cry, word145Mark 15:37
119malusMAH-lusbad, evil, wicked144Mark 15:14
120mulierMOO-lee-erwoman; wife144Luke 13:21
121mandūcōman-DOO-koheat; chew144John 4:33
122tempusTEM-pustime, season142Luke 13:1
123itaIH-tahso, thus, in this way; yes141Mark 15:5
124prīmusPREE-musfirst; foremost, chief140Mark 13:10
125dīmittōdee-MIH-tohsend away, dismiss; let go; forgive138Mark 15:6
126sedeōSEH-deh-ohsit; stay, remain136Mark 14:32
127servusSER-wusslave, servant135Luke 7:3
128usqueUSK-wehall the way, continuously; until134Mark 14:33–34
129sīcseekso, thus, in this way1321 Corinthians 14:12
130eōEH-ohgo132Mark 14:42
131isteIS-tehthis, that (of yours); he, she132Mark 12:10–11
132vīvōWEE-wohlive, be alive132Romans 7:1
133trādōTRAH-dohhand over, deliver; betray; hand down132Mark 14:42
134sineSIH-nehwithout131Galatians 4:11
135anteAN-tehbefore, in front of; (adv.) before131Matthew 23:13
136testimōniumtes-tih-MOH-nee-umtestimony, witness, evidence131Luke 5:14
137duoDOO-otwo1291 Timothy 5:19–20
138nisiNIH-sihunless, if not; except1291 Timothy 5:19–20
139pōnōPOH-nohput, place, lay; set128Luke 8:16
140virtūsWIR-toospower, strength; mighty work; virtue128Mark 5:30
141morsmorsdeath127Mark 14:33–34
142quaerōKWAI-rohseek, look for; ask126Luke 19:9–10
143atatbut, yet125Matthew 20:13
144quīcumquekwee-KUMK-wehwhoever, whatever, any … that125Mark 15:6
145ubiOO-bihwhere; when124John 9:12
146novusNO-wusnew124Mark 16:14
147populusPO-poo-luspeople, nation123Acts 13:23–24
148agōAH-gohdo, act; drive, lead; spend (time)120Mark 14:23
149sequorSEK-worfollow120Luke 22:39
150prīncepsPREEN-kepschief, leader, ruler119Luke 18:18
151maneōMAH-neh-ohremain, stay, abide119John 9:41
152jūdicōYOO-dih-kohjudge; condemn; decide118John 8:50
153rēxrayxking117Matthew 22:13
154sacerdōssah-KER-dohspriest117Mark 14:10
155surgōSUR-gohrise, get up, arise117Mark 14:42
156iterumIH-teh-rumagain, a second time116Mark 7:14
157postpostafter, behind; (adv.) afterward115Hebrews 10:26–27
158jamyamnow, already; by now115John 7:14
159ecclēsiaeh-KLAY-see-ahchurch, assembly, congregation1151 Corinthians 14:12
160templumTEM-plumtemple114John 2:19
161sermōSER-mohword, speech, saying, message114John 8:51
162namnamfor; for indeed113Luke 11:30
163quōmodoKWOH-mo-dohow?; how, as112Mark 4:13
164potestāspo-TES-tahspower, authority110Mark 1:22
165hōraHOH-rahhour; time110Mark 15:25
166ambulōAM-boo-lohwalk; live, conduct oneself109John 5:8
167oculusO-koo-luseye107Mark 12:10–11
168oporteto-POR-tetit is necessary, one must, ought107Mark 13:10
169abeōAH-beh-ohgo away, depart106Mark 14:10
170doceōDO-keh-ohteach106Mark 1:22
171apudAH-pudat, near, with, among; at the house of106John 1:2
172ascendōas-KEN-dohgo up, climb, ascend105Mark 8:10
173saeculumSAI-koo-lumage, generation; world104Hebrews 13:8
174intrōIN-trohenter, go in103Matthew 23:13
175nihilNIH-hilnothing; not at all103Mark 15:5
176animaAH-nih-mahsoul, life; breath102Mark 14:33–34
177sanguisSANG-wisblood101Mark 5:29
178tamquamTAMK-wamas, as if, like101Hebrews 5:4
179aliquisAH-lik-wissomeone, something; anyone98John 4:33
180pāxpahxpeace98John 14:27
181viaWEE-ahway, road, path; journey97John 1:23
182locusLO-kusplace; passage971 Timothy 2:8
183vēritāsWAY-rih-tahstruth97Hebrews 10:26–27
184pānisPAH-nisbread, loaf96Mark 8:5
185pēspaysfoot96Matthew 22:13
186timeōTIH-meh-ohfear, be afraid95Galatians 4:11
187mareMAH-rehsea; lake95Mark 6:47
188aeternusai-TER-nuseternal, everlasting95Luke 18:18
189interrogōin-TEH-ro-gohask, question94Mark 8:5
190jūstitiayoos-TIH-tee-ahrighteousness, justice94Galatians 5:5
191dēscendōdays-KEN-dohcome down, go down, descend94Luke 19:6
192etiamEH-tee-amalso, even; yes94Luke 12:59
193occīdōo-KEE-dohkill, slay93Luke 11:47
194vādōWAH-dohgo, walk; go away93Luke 5:14
195cāritāsKAH-rih-tahslove, charity931 John 4:8
196jūstusYOOS-tusjust, righteous92Luke 15:7
197ōrōOH-rohpray; ask, beg92Mark 14:32
198accēdōah-KAY-dohcome near, approach, go to88Luke 7:14
199cadōKAH-dohfall; fall down88Luke 8:7
200salvusSAL-wussafe, saved, well87Luke 19:9–10
201nōscōNOHS-kohget to know, learn; (perf.) know871 John 4:8
202introeōin-TRO-eh-ohgo in, enter87Matthew 23:13
203rogōRO-gohask, request, beg87Mark 5:17
204septemSEP-temseven87Mark 8:5
205ibiIH-bihthere; then86Matthew 22:13
206māterMAH-termother85Luke 1:43
207aperiōah-PEH-ree-ohopen; reveal85John 10:21
208magisMAH-gismore, rather84Mark 15:11
209Pharisaeusfah-rih-SAI-usPharisee84Matthew 23:13
210invicemIN-wih-kemone another, mutually; in turn84John 4:33
211aquaAK-wahwater83John 2:7
212ōsohsmouth; face83Luke 22:71
213necnekand not, nor; nec … nec neither … nor83Matthew 23:13
214nesciōNES-kee-ohnot know, be ignorant of82Mark 4:13
215signumSIG-numsign, mark; miracle81Luke 11:30
216quasiKWAH-sihas if, as it were; about (with numbers)81Mark 1:22
217coepīKOY-peebegan, have begun79Mark 5:17
218uxorUK-sorwife79Luke 14:20
219bibōBIH-bohdrink79Mark 14:23
220tollōTO-lohlift up, raise; take away, remove78John 5:8
221voluntāswo-LUN-tahswill, wish; goodwill781 Peter 4:19
222adhūcAD-hookstill, yet; up to now78Luke 22:71
223impleōIM-pleh-ohfill; fulfil, complete77Luke 1:51–53
224patiorPAH-tee-orsuffer, endure; allow771 Peter 4:19
225clāmōKLAH-mohcry out, shout76Mark 15:14
226frūctusFROOK-tusfruit; produce, profit76Luke 6:44
227jūdiciumyoo-DIH-kee-umjudgment, trial; justice76Hebrews 10:26–27
228operorO-peh-rorwork, labor; bring about76Galatians 3:5
229baptīzōbap-TEE-zohbaptize75Acts 19:5–6
230ignisIG-nisfire75Hebrews 10:26–27
231duodecimdoo-O-deh-kimtwelve75Mark 14:10
232praedicōPRAI-dih-kohpreach, proclaim, declare74Mark 13:10
233relinquōreh-LINK-wohleave, leave behind, abandon74John 14:27
234numquidNUMK-widsurely not? is it …?74John 4:33
235nōnneNOH-nehnot? (expects 'yes')71Matthew 20:13
236fidēlisfih-DAY-lisfaithful, trustworthy; believing711 Peter 4:19
237ūniversusoo-nih-WER-susall, whole, entire70Acts 9:32
238sīveSEE-wehor if; sīve … sīve whether … or702 Thessalonians 2:15
239noxnoxnight69Luke 2:8
240parsparspart, share; side, region69Mark 8:10
241dūcōDOO-kohlead, guide, bring; consider69Luke 14:20
242cōramKOH-ramin the presence of, before; (adv.) openly691 Timothy 5:19–20
243ējiciōay-YIH-kee-ohthrow out, cast out, drive out69Luke 20:12
244interIN-terbetween, among; during69Luke 8:7
245sabbatumSAH-bah-tumSabbath; pl. also 'the Sabbath, a week'69John 5:16
246tōtusTOH-tuswhole, all, entire67Luke 13:21
247subsubunder (+ abl.); under, toward (+ acc.)671 Timothy 5:19–20
248annusAH-nusyear67Revelation 20:5
249mediusMEH-dee-usmiddle, the middle of66Mark 6:47
250mōnsmohnsmountain, hill65Luke 6:12
251mandātumman-DAH-tumcommandment, order65John 13:34
252trēstraysthree65Luke 13:21
253dōnecDOH-nekuntil; while, as long as64Mark 14:32
254gaudeōGOW-deh-ohrejoice, be glad64Luke 19:6
255caputKAH-puthead64Mark 12:10–11
256ēvangeliumay-wan-GEH-lee-umgospel, good news63Mark 13:10
257salūtōsah-LOO-tohgreet; salute63Romans 16:13
258similisSIH-mih-lislike, similar (+ dat.)63Luke 13:21
259ūnusquisqueoo-nusk-WISK-weheach one, every one63Luke 6:44
260lapisLAH-pisstone62Mark 12:10–11
261ananor (in questions); whether62Romans 7:1
262itaqueIH-tak-wehand so, therefore612 Thessalonians 2:15
263reddōREH-dohgive back, return; render, pay61Luke 12:59
264senexSEH-nexold man; (comp.) senior, elder61Luke 7:3
265tertiusTER-tee-usthird61Mark 15:25
266īdemEE-demthe same60Luke 2:8
267adōrōah-DOH-rohworship, bow down to; pray to59John 4:21
268gaudiumGOW-dee-umjoy, gladness59Luke 15:7
269dignusDIG-nusworthy, deserving (+ abl.)59Luke 23:41
270semperSEM-peralways59Philippians 4:4
271vestīmentumwes-tee-MEN-tumgarment, clothing; pl. clothes58Mark 5:30
272alterAL-terthe other (of two); another; second58Luke 19:18
273recipiōreh-KIH-pee-ohreceive, take back, welcome58Matthew 10:40
274mīlleMEE-lehthousand57Revelation 20:5
275convertōkon-WER-tohturn, turn around; convert57Mark 5:30
276adversusad-WER-susagainst; toward, opposite571 Timothy 5:19–20
277resurgōreh-SUR-gohrise again; rise from the dead57Mark 16:14
278linguaLING-wahtongue; language57Acts 19:5–6
279offerōO-feh-rohoffer, bring, present56Luke 5:14
280perficiōper-FIH-kee-ohcomplete, finish, make perfect561 John 4:18
281ostendōos-TEN-dohshow, point out, reveal55Luke 5:14
282nāvisNAH-wisship, boat55Mark 6:47
283magistermah-GIS-terteacher, master55Luke 18:18
284intelligōin-TEH-lih-gohunderstand, perceive55Mark 7:14
285vērusWAY-rustrue, real; (adv. vērē) truly55John 1:9
286serviōSER-wee-ohserve, be a slave to (+ dat.)54Philippians 2:22
287trānseōTRAHN-seh-ohgo across, pass over; pass by; pass away54John 4:4
288petōPEH-tohask, seek, request54Mark 15:6
289faciēsFAH-kee-aysface; appearance, surface54Acts 13:23–24
290igiturIH-gih-turtherefore, then54James 4:16–17
291benedīcōbeh-neh-DEE-kohbless; praise54Hebrews 7:7
292spēsspayshope54Galatians 5:5
293habitōHAH-bih-tohlive, dwell, inhabit53Acts 9:32
294scrīptūraskreep-TOO-rahwriting; Scripture53Mark 12:10–11
295nāscorNAHS-korbe born521 John 5:1
296abundōah-BUN-dohoverflow, abound, have plenty521 Corinthians 14:12
297doctrīnadok-TREE-nahteaching, doctrine52Mark 1:22
298teneōTEH-neh-ohhold, keep; seize, arrest522 Thessalonians 2:15
299sapientiasah-pee-EN-tee-ahwisdom52Luke 2:40
300appāreōah-PAH-reh-ohappear, become visible51Mark 16:14
301praecipiōprai-KIH-pee-ohcommand, order, instruct51Luke 5:14
302fīnisFEE-nisend, limit; pl. territory, borders51Mark 5:17
303dēserōDAY-seh-rohabandon, desert; (dēsertum) desert51John 1:23
304poenitentiapoy-nih-TEN-tee-ahrepentance, penance51Luke 13:5
305beātusbeh-AH-tusblessed, happy51Matthew 5:7
306dextraDEKS-trahright hand; right side51Mark 16:5
307apostolusah-POS-to-lusapostle51Luke 17:5
308ēligōAY-lih-gohchoose, select51Romans 16:13
309quisquamKWISK-wamanyone, anything (after negatives)51Hebrews 5:4
310sēminōSAY-mih-nohsow51Matthew 13:18
311timorTIH-morfear511 Timothy 5:19–20
312salūsSAH-loossalvation; safety, health51Luke 19:9–10
313puerPOO-erboy, child; servant50Luke 2:40
314īraEE-rahanger, wrath501 Timothy 2:8
315statimSTAH-timimmediately, at once50Mark 5:30
316ministermih-NIS-terservant, attendant, minister50Matthew 22:13
317pereōPEH-reh-ohperish, die, be lost50Luke 13:5
318quantusKWAN-tushow great, how much; as great as50Romans 7:1
319caecusKAI-kusblind; (noun) a blind man50John 9:41
320peccōPEH-kohsin, do wrong501 Timothy 5:19–20
321similitersih-MIH-lih-terlikewise, in the same way50Luke 13:5
322gignōGIG-nohbeget, father; bear, give birth to491 John 5:1
323conveniōkon-WEH-nee-ohcome together, assemble; agree49Matthew 20:13
324suprāSOO-prahabove, over; beyond (+ acc.)49Luke 8:16
325dēbeōDAY-beh-ohowe; ought, must491 John 4:11
326tenebraeTEH-neh-braidarkness49Matthew 22:13
327ideōIH-deh-ohtherefore, for that reason49Luke 14:20
328placeōPLAH-keh-ohplease, be pleasing to (+ dat.)49Galatians 1:10
329mēcumMAY-kumwith me49Matthew 12:30
330sēmenSAY-menseed; offspring, descendants49Acts 13:23–24
331quattuorKWAH-too-orfour49Mark 2:3
332congregōKON-greh-gohgather together, assemble48Matthew 12:30
333solvōSOL-wohloosen, untie, release; destroy; pay48John 2:19
334undeUN-dehfrom where, whence; from which, hence48Luke 1:43
335servōSER-wohkeep, guard, observe; preserve48John 8:51
336crucifīgōkroo-kih-FEE-gohcrucify48Mark 15:14
337tentōTEN-tohtest, try; tempt47John 6:6
338misericordiamih-seh-rih-KOR-dee-ahmercy, compassion47Matthew 5:7
339vaewaiwoe!, alas!47Matthew 23:13
340ōrātiōoh-RAH-tee-ohprayer; speech47Luke 6:12
341custōdiōkus-TOH-dee-ohguard, keep, watch over; observe47Luke 2:8
342monumentummo-noo-MEN-tumtomb, grave; memorial46Mark 16:5
343plēnusPLAY-nusfull, filled (+ gen. or abl.)46Luke 2:40
344cēterusKAY-teh-rusthe other, the rest461 Timothy 5:19–20
345bestiaBES-tee-ahbeast, wild animal46Revelation 13:18

Together these 345 words make up about 77% of the words of the Latin New Testament.

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