Greek core word #8 · verb · 2456 times in the New Testament
εἰμί
ay-MEEεἰμί, ἔσομαι, —, —, —, — — be, exist
- Irregular μι-verb; the present indicative forms except εἶ are enclitic.
- Imperfect 1 sg ἤμην and 1 pl ἤμεθα are Koine middle-type endings (Attic ἦ/ἦν, ἦμεν); 2 sg also ἦσθα.
- Future ἔσομαι is middle in form (3 sg ἔσται); NT imperative 3 sg also ἤτω (1 Cor 16:22, Jas 5:12).
Forms in bold occur in the New Testament; the others complete the pattern. A dash (—) marks a form that does not exist.
Present
| Indicative | Subjunctive | Optative | Imperative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 sg | εἰμί | ὦ | εἴην | |
| 2 sg | εἶ | ᾖς | εἴης | ἴσθι |
| 3 sg | ἐστί(ν) | ᾖ | εἴη | ἔστω / ἤτω |
| 1 pl | ἐσμέν | ὦμεν | εἶμεν | |
| 2 pl | ἐστέ | ἦτε | εἶτε | ἔστε |
| 3 pl | εἰσί(ν) | ὦσι(ν) | εἶεν | ἔστωσαν |
Infinitive: εἶναι
Participle: ὤν, οὖσα, ὄν (gen. ὄντος)
Imperfect
| Indicative | |
|---|---|
| 1 sg | ἤμην |
| 2 sg | ἦς / ἦσθα |
| 3 sg | ἦν |
| 1 pl | ἦμεν / ἤμεθα |
| 2 pl | ἦτε |
| 3 pl | ἦσαν |
Future
| Indicative | Optative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 sg | ἔσομαι | ἐσοίμην |
| 2 sg | ἔσῃ | ἔσοιο |
| 3 sg | ἔσται | ἔσοιτο |
| 1 pl | ἐσόμεθα | ἐσοίμεθα |
| 2 pl | ἔσεσθε | ἔσοισθε |
| 3 pl | ἔσονται | ἔσοιντο |
Infinitive: ἔσεσθαι
Participle: ἐσόμενος, ἐσομένη, ἐσόμενον (gen. ἐσομένου)
Where you meet it
First met in passage 3, Matthew 12:30.
Explained in the notes of 29 passages:
- Matthew 12:30
- Matthew 22:13
- Mark 1:22
- Mark 6:47
- Mark 12:10–11
- Mark 14:33–34
- Mark 15:25
- Luke 2:8
- Luke 2:40
- Luke 6:12
- Luke 11:30
- Luke 13:21
- Luke 15:7
- Luke 19:9–10
- John 1:2
- John 1:8
- John 1:9
- John 8:50
- John 9:12
- John 9:41
- John 10:21
- John 13:33
- 1 Corinthians 14:12
- Ephesians 3:13
- James 4:16–17
- 1 John 4:8
- 1 John 4:18
- 1 John 5:1
- Revelation 13:18
From Appendix B of the Greek and Latin with Jerome study companion · PDF page 220 · open the PDF here