Writing · Handwriting · 1915

The Palmer Method of Business Writing

A. N. Palmer's 146 lessons in plain, quick cursive, from posture, pencil hold and oval drills to every small letter, capital and figure, then words, sentences and names. For children about 8 and up, and for adults who want better cursive. Every lesson has a step-by-step guide, with the right page of the book beside it.

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Turn this on to see every lesson as a simple checklist: what to get out, what to do and what to say, one line at a time.

How to use it

  • Ten to twenty minutes a day. Palmer planned 15 to 30 minutes a day for about a school year. Short daily sessions suit a young child better. Repeat a lesson for as many days as it needs.
  • Open the book page. The book's models are photographs of real writing. Each guide describes the shapes in words, but your child should copy from the book page beside it.
  • Arm, not fingers. Palmer's "muscular movement" means the forearm rests on the table, the wrist and side of the hand stay off the paper, and the arm does the moving. Expect wobbly ovals at first. A relaxed hand and a light hold matter more than perfect drills.
  • Pencil or gel pen is fine. Palmer's pupils used a dip pen and ink. A sharp pencil or a smooth gel pen on wide-ruled paper works well, held just as lightly.
  • Speeds are optional. The book gives a count and a number per minute for most drills. Treat them as later targets once the shapes are good. Shape and a light, even motion come first.
  • Left-handed writers. The book is written for right-handers. Mirror the arm directions and tilt the paper the other way (top toward the right) so your child can see the writing.

Part 1 Position, posture and pencil hold

How to sit, how the arm rests and moves, and how to hold the pencil and place the paper. Lessons 1–3.

  1. 1Sitting to writeLesson 1✓
  2. 2The writing machineLesson 2✓
  3. 3Holding the pencil and placing the paperLesson 3✓

Part 2 First movement drills

Straight push-pulls and ovals that train the arm, and the first three small words. Lessons 4–6.

  1. 4Drill 1: straight lines and the traced ovalLesson 4✓
  2. 5Drill 2: compact ovals and slantLesson 5✓
  3. 6Drill 3: the compact oval and the first wordsLesson 6✓

Part 3 First capitals: A, O and C

Ovals swung into capitals, with the stop at the top of A and the aim-before-you-shoot C. Lessons 7–11.

  1. 7Drills 4 and 5: continuous ovals and a first capital ALesson 7✓
  2. 8Drill 6: capital ALesson 8✓
  3. 9Drills 7 and 8: capital OLesson 9✓
  4. 10Review of the first lessonsLesson 10✓
  5. 11Drills 9 and 10: capital CLesson 11✓

Part 4 First small letters

Small o, m, n, i, u, t and e, counting steadily and keeping every letter tiny and even. Lessons 12–20.

  1. 12Drill 11: small oLesson 12✓
  2. 13Review and the alphabet pageLesson 13✓
  3. 14Drill 12: cross-line practiceLesson 14✓
  4. 15Drill 13: the over-motion for m and nLesson 15✓
  5. 16Drill 14: small mLesson 16✓
  6. 17Drill 15: m and n togetherLesson 17✓
  7. 18Drill 16: m and n in groupsLesson 18✓
  8. 19Drills 17 to 19: small i, u and tLesson 19✓
  9. 20Drill 20: small eLesson 20✓

Part 5 First words, M and N

Words with capitals, the small loop beginning shared by twelve capitals, and capitals M and N. Lessons 21–28.

  1. 21Drill 21: the first word with a capitalLesson 21✓
  2. 22Drill 22: CommonLesson 22✓
  3. 23Drill 23: OmenLesson 23✓
  4. 24Drills 24 and 25: the loop beginningLesson 24✓
  5. 25Drills 26 and 27: capitals M and NLesson 25✓
  6. 26Review: the loop beginning, M and NLesson 26✓
  7. 27Drill 28: MoonLesson 27✓
  8. 28Drill 29: NoonLesson 28✓

Part 6 a, d, g, q, the loop letters and L

Letters built from a, the tall loop letters starting with small l, and capital L. Lessons 29–35.

  1. 29Drill 30: small aLesson 29✓
  2. 30Drill 31: small d, g and qLesson 30✓
  3. 31Drill 32: gaddingLesson 31✓
  4. 32Drill 33: small l and the loop lettersLesson 32✓
  5. 33Drills 34 and 35: capital LLesson 33✓
  6. 34Drill 36: LanningLesson 34✓
  7. 35Drill 37: LullingLesson 35✓

Part 7 c, r, s and a big review

Small c, r and s, then five review sessions and a look back at the first specimen. Lessons 36–39.

  1. 36Drills 38 and 39: small a again and small cLesson 36✓
  2. 37Drills 40 to 43: small rLesson 37✓
  3. 38Drill 44: small sLesson 38✓
  4. 39Five review lessonsLesson 39–43✓

Part 8 w, x, v, h, y, J and I

More small letters and words, the reverse oval, and capitals J and I. Lessons 40–47.

  1. 40Drills 45 and 46: small wLesson 44✓
  2. 41Drills 47 and 48: small x and sixesLesson 45✓
  3. 42Drills 49 and 50: small v and waiveLesson 46✓
  4. 43Drills 51 and 52: small h and yLesson 47✓
  5. 44Drill 53: hill, hull, hillyLesson 48✓
  6. 45Drill 54: the reverse oval and capital JLesson 49✓
  7. 46Drills 55 and 56: slant and JamesLesson 50✓
  8. 47Drills 57 to 60: capital ILesson 51✓

Part 9 S, G, p and P

A page of small-letter groups, capitals S, G and P, small p, and easy words repeated. Lessons 48–55.

  1. 48Two days on the small lettersLesson 52–53✓
  2. 49Drills 61 to 63: capital SLesson 54✓
  3. 50Drill 64: SummitLesson 55✓
  4. 51Drills 65 to 68: capital GLesson 56✓
  5. 52Drill 69: GunningLesson 57✓
  6. 53Drills 70 to 72: small p, pull, pullingLesson 58✓
  7. 54Drills 73 to 75: capital PLesson 59✓
  8. 55Review and drill 76: PippinLesson 60✓

Part 10 Figures

Why figures must be small and plain, and each figure drilled on its own and then from dictation. Lessons 56–64.

  1. 56Business figuresLesson 61✓
  2. 57Drill 77: figure practiceLesson 62✓
  3. 58Drill 78: more figure practiceLesson 63✓
  4. 59Drill 79: figure 2Lesson 64✓
  5. 60Drill 80: figure 3Lesson 65✓
  6. 61Drill 81: figure 5Lesson 66✓
  7. 62Drill 82: figure 7Lesson 67✓
  8. 63Drill 83: figure 4Lesson 68✓
  9. 64Drill 84: figure 8 and mixed figuresLesson 69✓

Part 11 E, B, b, k and f

Capitals E and B, the loop letters b, k and f, words full of loops, and a review. Lessons 65–74.

  1. 65Drill 85: capital ELesson 70✓
  2. 66Drills 86 and 87: capital BLesson 71✓
  3. 67Drill 88: small bLesson 72✓
  4. 68Drill 89: bill, bell, billingLesson 73✓
  5. 69Drill 90: small kLesson 74✓
  6. 70Drill 91: kill, killingLesson 75✓
  7. 71Relaxing the arm, and drill 92: small fLesson 76✓
  8. 72Drill 93: full and fillLesson 77✓
  9. 73Drill 94: fulfillLesson 78✓
  10. 74Review lessonLesson 79✓

Part 12 More capitals and reviews

D, T, F, Q, H and K, the loop-beginning family, reviews of the capitals, and small j and z. Lessons 75–85.

  1. 75Drill 95: capital D and DrummingLesson 80✓
  2. 76Drills 96 and 97: capital T and FLesson 81✓
  3. 77Drill 98: the small loop beginning againLesson 82✓
  4. 78Drills 99 to 102: capital Q, small g and qLesson 83✓
  5. 79Drills 103 and 104: capital HLesson 84✓
  6. 80Drills 105 and 106: capital KLesson 85✓
  7. 81Drill 107: HummingLesson 86✓
  8. 82Drill 108: review of F, H, K, M, NLesson 87✓
  9. 83Drill 109: review of Q, U, V, WLesson 88✓
  10. 84Drills 110 and 111: X, Y, Z and a big reviewLesson 89✓
  11. 85Drill 112: small j and zLesson 90✓

Part 13 Capitals with words

Each lesson repeats one capital, then a word ending in "ing" written in one continuous motion. Lessons 86–107.

  1. 86Size, and drill 113: A and AilingLesson 91✓
  2. 87Capital C, Calling and ChimingLesson 92✓
  3. 88Capital O and OilingLesson 93✓
  4. 89Capital L and LanningLesson 94✓
  5. 90Capital M and MillingLesson 95✓
  6. 91Capital N and NullingLesson 96✓
  7. 92Capital H and HaulingLesson 97✓
  8. 93Capital K and KillingLesson 98✓
  9. 94Capital P and PullingLesson 99✓
  10. 95Capital R and RunningLesson 100✓
  11. 96Capital S and a page of SwellingLesson 101✓
  12. 97Capital G and GallingLesson 102✓
  13. 98Capital Q and QuellingLesson 103✓
  14. 99Capital F and FillingLesson 104✓
  15. 100Capital I and InningLesson 105✓
  16. 101Capital J and JudgingLesson 106✓
  17. 102Capital E, Elling and EndingLesson 107✓
  18. 103Capital B and BillingLesson 108✓
  19. 104Capital D and DrillingLesson 109✓
  20. 105Capital T and TwillingLesson 110✓
  21. 106Capital W and WillingLesson 111✓
  22. 107Capital U and UllingLesson 112✓

Part 14 Sentences and line-writing

Whole sentences, nearly one for each capital from A to Z, written as full, even pages. Lessons 108–135.

  1. 108Capital V, a caution, and drill 136Lesson 113✓
  2. 109Drill 137: a sentence with initialsLesson 114✓
  3. 110Drill 138: Specimens of my business penmanshipLesson 115✓
  4. 111Line-writing and drill 139: ALesson 116✓
  5. 112Drill 140: a sentence with BLesson 117✓
  6. 113Drill 141: a sentence with DLesson 118✓
  7. 114Drill 142: a sentence with FLesson 119✓
  8. 115Drill 143: a sentence with GLesson 120✓
  9. 116Drill 144: a sentence with HLesson 121✓
  10. 117Drill 145: a sentence with JLesson 122✓
  11. 118Drill 146: a sentence with KLesson 123✓
  12. 119Drill 147: a sentence with LLesson 124✓
  13. 120Drills 148 and 149: sentences with M and NLesson 125✓
  14. 121Drill 150: a sentence with OLesson 126✓
  15. 122Drill 151: a sentence with PLesson 127✓
  16. 123Drill 152: a sentence with QLesson 128✓
  17. 124Drill 153: a sentence with RLesson 129✓
  18. 125Drill 154: a sentence with SLesson 130✓
  19. 126Drill 155: a sentence with TLesson 131✓
  20. 127Drill 156: a sentence with ILesson 132✓
  21. 128Drill 157: a sentence with ULesson 133✓
  22. 129Drill 158: a sentence with VLesson 134✓
  23. 130Drill 159: a sentence with WLesson 135✓
  24. 131Drill 160: a sentence with XLesson 136✓
  25. 132Drill 161: a sentence with YLesson 137✓
  26. 133Drill 162: a sentence with ZLesson 138✓
  27. 134Drill 163: a note with figuresLesson 139✓
  28. 135Drill 164: Due E. F. GilmanLesson 140✓

Part 15 Joined capitals and names

Capitals joined in combinations, names with initials, and a final specimen to compare with the first. Lessons 136–141.

  1. 136Drill 165: joining capitalsLesson 141✓
  2. 137Drills 166 and 167: names with initialsLesson 142✓
  3. 138Drill 168: A N P and A N PalmerLesson 143✓
  4. 139Drills 169 and 170: joined H and P. H. KellerLesson 144✓
  5. 140Drill 171: O. P. DanielsLesson 145✓
  6. 141Drill 172: the Palmer names, and a final specimenLesson 146✓

The book itself

The Palmer Method of Business Writing

1915 edition · About ages 9 and up, and adults

A. N. Palmer's self-teaching lessons in plain, rapid “muscular movement” handwriting, the most widely taught American handwriting of the early twentieth century. Drills of ovals and push-pulls come before letters and words.

Scanned from a University of California Libraries copy.

Each guide follows one of the book's numbered lessons, shown beside the title; the five review lessons 39 to 43 share one guide, and so do Lessons 52 and 53. The guides are written for this site; the book is in the public domain.

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