Ray's New Practical Arithmetic · Arts. 64–65 · Unit 7: Reduction of Compound Numbers
34. Liquid measure and avoirdupois weight
Goal: Your child uses the tables of gills, pints, quarts and gallons, and of ounces, pounds, hundredweights and tons, to reduce measures.
You'll need
- The book
- A slate, small whiteboard or scrap paper
- A notebook and pencil
What's in the book
The table of liquid measure with problems, then avoirdupois weight (the everyday pounds and ounces) with 17 problems. Answers are printed.
The lesson, step by step
Warm-up
Mental: quarts in a gallon? Ounces in a pound? Pounds in a ton?
Liquid measure
Read:
Liquid Measure is used for measuring all liquids.
Table: 4 gills make 1 pint, 2 pints 1 quart, 4 quarts 1 gallon. The book adds that a gallon holds 231 cubic inches.
Note for you: a gill is half a cup, a word now mostly gone.
Work one
Together:
Reduce 17 gal. to pints.
17 × 4 = 68 qt.; 68 × 2 = 136 pt.
Avoirdupois weight
Read:
Avoirdupois Weight is used for weighing all ordinary articles.
Table: 16 ounces make 1 pound, 100 pounds 1 hundredweight (cwt.), 20 cwt. or 2000 lb. 1 ton.
At the Custom House (and in some trades) 2240 pounds are considered a ton.
Guided practice
Together:
Reduce 2 cwt. to pounds.
What is the total weight of 52 parcels, each containing 18 lb.?
(200 lb.; 52 × 18 = 936 lb. = 9 cwt. 36 lb.)
Independent practice
Your child does liquid problems 2 to 6 and weight problems 3 to 15.
Check and wrap-up
Answers are printed. Mental: half a ton in pounds? (1000.) 3 pounds in ounces? (48.)