Latin for Beginners · Lesson LXVI · Part 14: Participles, result and description clauses
66. Participles
Goal: Your child forms the four participles of a verb and translates them naturally, often with 'when', 'while', 'who' or 'after'.
You'll need
- The book (the lesson pages)
- A notebook and pencil
- Index cards from earlier lessons
What's in the book
The four participles and how each is formed (§ 374), the participles of deponent verbs (§ 375), what time each participle shows (§ 376), model sentences on translating them (§ 377), and nine Latin and six English sentences (§ 378). The lesson begins partway down the page.
The lesson, step by step
Warm up
Your child gives the perfect passive participle of three verbs (amātus, monitus, captus). They have used these since Lesson XXXV.
The four participles
A participle is a verb used as an adjective. Latin has four:
amāns, amātūrus, amātus, amandus
loving, about to love, loved (having been loved), to be loved. The present adds -ns to the present stem; the future active adds -ūrus to the participle stem; the future passive (also called the gerundive) adds -ndus to the present stem.
Declining amāns
The present participle declines like a third-declension adjective: amāns, amantis, amantī, amantem, amantī or -e. The others decline like bonus. Deponent verbs have all four, and their perfect participle is active in meaning:
hortāns, hortātūrus, hortātus, hortandus
Translate naturally
The book insists on natural English. Read the model sentences:
Mīlitēs currentēs erant dēfessī
The soldiers who were running were tired.
Oppidum captum vīdimus
We saw the captured town. A participle often becomes a clause with when, while, after, since or who.
Latin to English
Translate the § 378 sentences. Two of them:
Puer timēns nē capiātur fugit.
Sōl oriēns multōs interfectōs vīdit.
Find the participle, the noun it agrees with, and the best English clause.
English to Latin
Write the six sentences, using participles for the 'when' and 'while' clauses as the book asks.
Wrap-up
Your child gives all four participles of moneō and of hortor. Memorize § 374 and § 376.
Afterwards
Two days. On day two, have your child give the participles of the book's practice verbs: cūrō, iubeō, sūmō, iaciō, mūniō, then cōnor, vereor, sequor, patior, partior.
Answers to the book's problems
The book prints the number 8 twice; the second is given here as 9. 1. The boy, fearing that he may be captured, runs away. 2. The eagle, moved by anger, had tried to kill the other birds. 3. The soldiers, hard pressed by the enemy, could not throw their weapons. 4. Caesar, intending to praise the tenth legion, went forward to the front of the column. 5. The general, having urged the horsemen to fight bravely, gave the signal for battle. 6. The soldiers, having pursued the enemy eight miles, returned to camp with many captives. 7. The rising sun saw many dead. 8. The Romans, suspecting a bold plan, did not trust themselves to the barbarians. 9. The ship, having gone out of the harbor, was in no danger.
Worked out for this site from the scan. If a number in your copy differs, trust the book.