Latin for Beginners · Lesson LXIV · Part 13: The subjunctive: forms and purpose clauses
64. Perfect and pluperfect subjunctive; commands and requests
Goal: Your child forms the perfect and pluperfect subjunctive and translates verbs of commanding, asking and persuading followed by ut or nē.
You'll need
- The book (the lesson pages)
- A notebook and pencil
- Index cards from earlier lessons
What's in the book
The perfect and pluperfect subjunctive, active and passive, and of sum (§§ 361 to 364), substantive clauses (§ 365), the rule for substantive clauses of purpose (§ 366), a list of verbs that take them (§ 367), then eight Latin and five English sentences.
The lesson, step by step
Warm up
Your child conjugates the imperfect subjunctive of moneō and says the sequence-of-tenses rule.
The new forms
Both come from the perfect stem. The perfect is like the future perfect indicative but with -m in the first person. The pluperfect adds -issem.
amāverim, amāveris, amāverit, amāverimus, amāveritis, amāverint
amāvissem, amāvissēs, amāvisset, amāvissēmus, amāvissētis, amāvissent
The passive uses the participle with sim or essem:
amātus sim
amātus essem
And sum: fuerim, fuissem. (The book's paradigms also show stress marks; you can ignore those.)
Commands and requests
After verbs of commanding, urging, asking, persuading or advising, English uses 'to': 'He urged them to resist.' Latin uses ut or nē with the subjunctive, as the object of the verb.
Monet ut domī maneāmus
He advises us to remain at home. One exception:
iubeō, order, takes the infinitive as in English
Learn the verbs
Read the § 367 list: hortor, imperō, moneō, petō, quaerō, rogō, persuādeō, postulō, suādeō. Note that imperō and persuādeō take the dative of the person.
Latin to English
Translate the eight sentences. Two of them:
Caesar Helvētiīs imperāvit nē per prōvinciam iter facerent.
Iīs persuādēre nōn potuī ut domī manērent.
Compare sentences 2 and 3: imperō with nē, then iubeō with the infinitive.
English to Latin and wrap-up
Write the five sentences; the first is to be written twice, with imperō and with iubeō. Memorize the new subjunctive forms and the § 367 verbs.
Afterwards
Two days: forms the first day, the substantive clauses and exercises the second.
Answers to the book's problems
1. He asks and urges him to speak himself. 2. Caesar commanded the Helvetii not to march through the province. 3. Caesar did not order the Helvetii to march through the province. 4. He persuaded the citizens to leave their territory. 5. Caesar will advise the chiefs not to join battle. 6. He demanded that they should not wage war with the Helvetii or with their allies. 7. I asked them not to set out. 8. I could not persuade them to remain at home.
Worked out for this site from the scan. If a number in your copy differs, trust the book.