Latin for Beginners · Lesson XXXV · Part 6: The perfect tenses

35. The passive perfects; perfect passive and future active infinitives

Goal: Your child forms the perfect, pluperfect and future perfect passive with the participle and sum, and the infinitives that go with them.

⏱ About 40 minutes · 6 steps

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You'll need

  • The book, open to this lesson
  • A notebook for Latin, and a pencil

What's in the book

The fourth principal part (the perfect passive participle), the passive perfect tenses made with sum, how the participle agrees with the subject, and two more infinitives. Eight Latin sentences and five sets of English forms.

The lesson, step by step

  1. Review

    Give the active synopsis of videō in the first person.

  2. The fourth principal part

    Section 201 gives the model verbs in full:

    amō, amāre, amāvī, amātus

    moneō, monēre, monuī, monitus

    The fourth part is the perfect passive participle ("loved", "advised").

  3. Passive perfects

    English says "I have been loved". Latin uses the participle with sum:

    amātus sum, I have been or was loved

    amātus eram, I had been loved

    amātus erō, I shall have been loved

  4. The participle agrees

    The participle works like an adjective (bonus, bona, bonum) and agrees with the subject: Vir laudātus est, Puella laudāta est, Virī laudātī sunt.

  5. Two more infinitives

    Section 205: amātus esse, "to have been loved". Section 206: amātūrus esse, "to be about to love". Now the active infinitive has three tenses: amāre, amāvisse, amātūrus esse.

  6. Exercises

    Section 207, Exercise I. Two of the sentences:

    Fābula Andromedae nārrāta est.

    Multae fābulae ā magistrō nārrātae sunt.

    Then Exercise II.

Afterwards

Two days: forms on day one, infinitives and exercises on day two.

Answers to the book's problems

Exercise I: 1. The story of Andromeda has been told. 2. Many stories have been told by the teacher. 3. The field had been plowed by the strong farmer. 4. The fields had been plowed by the strong farmers. 5. The gold will have been carried to his home by the faithless slave. 6. Our arms have been praised by the lieutenant. Who has praised your arms? 7. We (women) have been invited to dinner by your maid. 8. Andromeda was not given to the monster, because the monster had been killed by Perseus.

Worked out for this site from the scan. If a number in your copy differs, trust the book.

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