Latin for Beginners · Lesson XI · Part 2: Nouns and adjectives of the first two declensions

11. Adjectives of the first and second declensions

Goal: Your child declines bonus, bona, bonum in all three genders and pairs a masculine first-declension noun with a masculine adjective (nauta bonus).

⏱ About 35 minutes · 7 steps

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You'll need

  • The book, open to this lesson
  • The special vocabulary page for this lesson (near the back of the book; the lesson tells you the page)
  • A notebook for Latin, and a pencil
  • Index cards for new words (optional)

What's in the book

The full table of bonus, bona, bonum. Then a key point: an adjective agrees with its noun but need not have the same ending, as in nauta bonus, "the good sailor". Twelve Latin and eleven English sentences.

The lesson, step by step

  1. Review

    Decline dominus bonus.

  2. Three genders

    Section 83 gives the adjective in all three genders. Your child says it across the page: bonus, bona, bonum; bonī, bonae, bonī; and so on.

  3. Same agreement, different ending

    nauta (sailor) is masculine but belongs to the first declension. So "the good sailor" is:

    nauta bonus

    The adjective is masculine (second declension); the noun keeps its own endings. Decline nauta bonus together from section 85.

  4. Vocabulary

    From the special vocabulary for Lesson XI:

    arma, arms, especially defensive weapons

    galea, helmet

    praeda, booty, spoils

    dūrus, hard, rough

    Rōmānus, Roman

  5. Latin to English

    Exercise I. Two of them:

    Sextus est amīcus nautae bonī.

    Populus Rōmānus nautam bonum laudat.

  6. English to Latin

    Exercise II, about the wicked farmer and the good sailors. Remind your child: agricola malus, nauta bonus.

  7. Wrap up

    Your child declines agricola malus aloud.

Answers to the book's problems

Exercise I: 1. There is a good sailor in the village. 2. Sextus is the friend of the good sailor. 3. Sextus gives a helmet to the good sailor. 4. The Roman people praise the good sailor. 5. Sextus carries the booty with the good sailor. 6. Where, good sailor, are the arms and weapons of the Roman lieutenant? 7. The good sailors hasten to war. 8. The reputation of the good sailors is famous. 9. The battles are pleasing to the good sailors. 10. The townspeople care for the good sailors. 11. Why, good sailors, are the wicked farmers hurrying to the Rhine? 12. The wicked farmers fight with the good sailors.

Worked out for this site from the scan. If a number in your copy differs, trust the book.

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