{"date":"September 8","id":"09-08","intro":["There was a time when the snow fell and did not melt in summer. Then from the frozen north there descended huge masses of ice that covered northern Europe and most of North America. Glaciers reveal a new world to us."],"minutes":21,"readings":[{"author":"Hermann von Helmholtz","end":223,"start":211,"volume":30,"work":"Ice and Glaciers"}],"slug":"september-8","status":"proofread","title":"When Europe Lay Under Ice","url":"/harvard-classics/september-8/","words":4114}