Geography Ladder · Middle school · Grade 5–10

World Geography

Latitude and longitude, map projections and time zones, the physical world, climates and biomes, every country and capital by region, and the world's people and largest cities.

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76 topics in 12 units. Builds on U.S. Geography. Leads to Human Geography. Not sure this is the right course? Find your rung.

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Unit 1 Latitude and Longitude

9 topics

The grid of parallels and meridians that gives every place on Earth an address in degrees.

  1. Parallels and Meridians
  2. Latitude
  3. Longitude
  4. Reading Coordinates
  5. Find a Place by Its Coordinates
  6. The Tropics and the Polar Circles
  7. Coordinates and Hemispheres
  8. Degrees and Minutes
  9. How Far Is a Degree?

Unit 2 Maps and Projections

8 topics

Why every flat map stretches something, what Mercator, equal-area and compromise maps each keep, map scale, and the kinds of maps.

  1. Why Flat Maps Stretch
  2. The Mercator Projection
  3. Equal-Area Maps
  4. Compromise Maps
  5. Seeing Distortion with Circles
  6. Map Scale
  7. Kinds of Maps
  8. GPS, GIS and Satellite Images

Unit 3 Time Around the World

3 topics

Why there are time zones, how to work out the time elsewhere, and the International Date Line.

  1. Why We Have Time Zones
  2. Time Around the World
  3. The International Date Line

Unit 4 The Physical World

8 topics

Continents compared, oceans and seas, the great rivers, mountains, deserts, lakes, islands, peninsulas and straits.

  1. The Continents Compared
  2. Oceans and Seas
  3. Great Rivers of the World
  4. Mountains of the World
  5. Deserts of the World
  6. Lakes and Waterfalls
  7. Islands and Peninsulas
  8. Straits and Canals

Unit 5 Climate and Biomes

5 topics

What controls climate, the world's climate zones, reading a climograph, and the biomes that grow in each climate.

  1. What Controls Climate
  2. World Climate Zones
  3. Reading a Climograph
  4. Biomes of the World
  5. Matching Biomes and Climates

Unit 6 Countries of the World

2 topics

How many countries there are and why the count depends on who is counting, and which countries have no coast.

  1. How Many Countries?
  2. Landlocked Countries

Unit 7 North America, Central America and the Caribbean, South America

7 topics

Countries, capitals and physical features of the Americas.

  1. Countries of North and Central America
  2. Capitals of North and Central America
  3. Countries of the Caribbean
  4. Capitals of the Caribbean
  5. Countries of South America
  6. Capitals of South America
  7. Physical Features of the Americas

Unit 8 Europe

9 topics

Countries, capitals and physical features of Northern, Western, Southern and Eastern Europe.

  1. Countries of Northern Europe
  2. Capitals of Northern Europe
  3. Countries of Western Europe
  4. Capitals of Western Europe
  5. Countries of Southern Europe
  6. Capitals of Southern Europe
  7. Countries of Eastern Europe
  8. Capitals of Eastern Europe
  9. Physical Features of Europe

Unit 9 Africa

9 topics

Countries, capitals and physical features of North, West, Central, East and Southern Africa.

  1. North Africa: Countries and Capitals
  2. Countries of West Africa
  3. Capitals of West Africa
  4. Countries of Central Africa
  5. Capitals of Central Africa
  6. Countries of East Africa
  7. Capitals of East Africa
  8. Southern Africa: Countries and Capitals
  9. Physical Features of Africa

Unit 10 Asia

8 topics

Countries, capitals and physical features of Southwest, Central, South, East and Southeast Asia.

  1. Countries of Southwest Asia
  2. Capitals of Southwest Asia
  3. Countries of Central and South Asia
  4. Capitals of Central and South Asia
  5. East Asia: Countries and Capitals
  6. Countries of Southeast Asia
  7. Capitals of Southeast Asia
  8. Physical Features of Asia

Unit 11 Oceania and Antarctica

3 topics

Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific island countries, and the continent with no countries.

  1. Countries of Oceania
  2. Capitals of Oceania
  3. Australia's Land and Antarctica

Unit 12 People and Cities of the World

5 topics

Where the world's eight billion people live: the most populous countries, the largest countries, crowding, and the largest cities.

  1. Eight Billion People
  2. The Most Populous Countries
  3. The Largest Countries by Area
  4. Crowded Places
  5. The World's Largest Cities
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