Chemistry Ladder · College

General Chemistry 2

Reaction rates and mechanisms, chemical equilibrium, acids, bases and buffers, solubility, entropy and free energy, electrochemistry, nuclear chemistry and coordination compounds: the rest of AP Chemistry and a little beyond.

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67 topics in 8 units. Builds on General Chemistry 1. Not sure this is the right course? Find your rung.

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Unit 1 Kinetics

13 topics

Measure reaction rates, find rate laws, and connect them to reaction mechanisms.

  1. Measuring Reaction Rates
  2. Rate Laws and Reaction Order
  3. The Method of Initial Rates
  4. First-Order Reactions
  5. Zero- and Second-Order Reactions
  6. Finding the Order from a Graph
  7. The Arrhenius Equation
  8. Elementary Steps and Molecularity
  9. Reaction Mechanisms
  10. The Rate-Determining Step
  11. A Fast Equilibrium Before a Slow Step
  12. Energy Profiles for Multistep Reactions
  13. Catalysis

Unit 2 Chemical Equilibrium

9 topics

Write and use equilibrium constants, predict shifts, and solve for the amounts at equilibrium.

  1. The Equilibrium Constant
  2. What the Size of K Tells You
  3. Reversing, Scaling and Adding Reactions
  4. Kp and Kc
  5. The Reaction Quotient
  6. Calculating K with an ICE Table
  7. Finding Equilibrium Concentrations
  8. The Small-x Approximation
  9. Le Chatelier's Principle with Q and K

Unit 3 Acids and Bases

16 topics

pH with logarithms, weak acids and bases, salts, buffers and titration curves.

  1. pH of Strong Acids and Bases
  2. Acid and Base Constants
  3. pH of a Weak Acid
  4. Percent Ionization
  5. pH of a Weak Base
  6. Acidic, Basic and Neutral Salts
  7. Polyprotic Acids
  8. Molecular Structure and Acid Strength
  9. How Buffers Work
  10. The Henderson–Hasselbalch Equation
  11. pH, pKa and Which Form Dominates
  12. Adding Acid or Base to a Buffer
  13. Buffer Capacity and Choosing a Buffer
  14. Strong Acid–Strong Base Titration Curves
  15. Weak Acid–Strong Base Titration Curves
  16. Choosing an Indicator

Unit 4 Solubility and Complex Ions

6 topics

Solubility products, the common-ion effect, predicting precipitates, pH effects and complex ions.

  1. The Solubility Product
  2. Comparing Solubilities
  3. The Common-Ion Effect
  4. Will a Precipitate Form?
  5. pH and Solubility
  6. Lewis Acids and Complex Ions

Unit 5 Entropy and Free Energy

9 topics

What makes a process thermodynamically favored, and how that connects to K and to rates.

  1. Entropy and Microstates
  2. Predicting the Sign of ΔS
  3. Absolute Entropies and ΔS°
  4. The Second Law
  5. Gibbs Free Energy
  6. Temperature and Favorability
  7. Favored but Slow: Kinetic Control
  8. Free Energy and Equilibrium
  9. Coupled Reactions

Unit 6 Electrochemistry

7 topics

Galvanic and electrolytic cells, cell potentials, the Nernst equation and Faraday's law.

  1. Galvanic Cells
  2. Standard Reduction Potentials
  3. Cell Potential, Free Energy and K
  4. The Nernst Equation
  5. Electrolytic Cells
  6. Electrolysis Calculations
  7. Batteries, Fuel Cells and Corrosion

Unit 7 Nuclear Chemistry in Depth

3 topics

Nuclear stability, binding energy and the rate of radioactive decay.

  1. Nuclear Stability and Decay Modes
  2. Mass Defect and Binding Energy
  3. Radioactive Decay Rates

Unit 8 Coordination Compounds

4 topics

Ligands, names, shapes, isomers and the colors of transition-metal complexes.

  1. Coordination Compounds
  2. Naming Coordination Compounds
  3. Isomers of Complexes
  4. Crystal Field Theory and Color
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