https://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/Recent content in Art History II: Baroque to Modern on Teddy Rook Bookhttps://teddyrookbook.com/img/share.jpghttps://teddyrookbook.com/img/share.jpgHugoenhttps://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/baroque-traits/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/baroque-traits/Baroque art (about 1600 to 1750) uses drama, motion, strong light and dark, and diagonal compositions to pull the viewer in; the Catholic Church and kings were its great patrons. Art History II: Baroque to Modern · Art & Drawing Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/caravaggio/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/caravaggio/Caravaggio painted ordinary-looking people lit by a sharp beam in deep darkness (tenebrism), as in The Calling of Saint Matthew (1599–1600). Art History II: Baroque to Modern · Art & Drawing Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/gentileschi/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/gentileschi/Artemisia Gentileschi, a follower of Caravaggio, was the first woman admitted to Florence's Academy of the Arts of Drawing (1616); her Self-Portrait as the Allegory of Painting shows her at work. Art History II: Baroque to Modern · Art & Drawing Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/bernini-rome/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/bernini-rome/Gian Lorenzo Bernini, sculptor and architect, shaped Rome: his colonnade (1656–1667) wraps St. Peter's Square like open arms. Art History II: Baroque to Modern · Art & Drawing Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/velazquez/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/velazquez/Diego Velázquez, court painter to Philip IV, painted Las Meninas (1656), a puzzle of looking in which the painter, the princess and a mirror all watch us. Art History II: Baroque to Modern · Art & Drawing Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/flemish-baroque/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/flemish-baroque/Peter Paul Rubens ran a huge Antwerp workshop and painted with energetic color; his assistant Anthony van Dyck became court painter to Charles I of England. Art History II: Baroque to Modern · Art & Drawing Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/baroque-architecture/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/baroque-architecture/Versailles (enlarged from the 1660s) showed royal power in a palace and gardens; Christopher Wren rebuilt St. Paul's Cathedral in London (1675–1710) after the Great Fire. Art History II: Baroque to Modern · Art & Drawing Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/dutch-market/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/dutch-market/In the 1600s the Dutch Republic had few church commissions and many middle-class buyers, so artists painted portraits, landscapes, still lifes and scenes of daily life to sell. Art History II: Baroque to Modern · Art & Drawing Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/rembrandt/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/rembrandt/Rembrandt van Rijn painted the group portrait The Night Watch (1642) full of motion and light, and searching self-portraits throughout his life. Art History II: Baroque to Modern · Art & Drawing Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/vermeer/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/vermeer/Johannes Vermeer of Delft painted calm rooms lit from a side window, such as The Milkmaid (about 1660; some scholars say a little earlier), using tiny dots of light and costly ultramarine. Art History II: Baroque to Modern · Art & Drawing Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/leyster-genre/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/leyster-genre/Judith Leyster, one of the first women in Haarlem's painters' guild, painted lively genre scenes and a famous self-portrait at her easel (about 1630). Art History II: Baroque to Modern · Art & Drawing Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/dutch-landscape-still-life/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/dutch-landscape-still-life/Jacob van Ruisdael painted skies over flat land and windmills; still lifes of flowers, food and skulls (vanitas) by Rachel Ruysch and Pieter Claesz reminded viewers that life is short. Art History II: Baroque to Modern · Art & Drawing Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/rococo/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/rococo/Rococo (about 1720 to 1780) brought light pastel color, curving ornament and elegant pleasure; Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun painted Queen Marie Antoinette. Art History II: Baroque to Modern · Art & Drawing Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/genre-and-views/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/genre-and-views/Jean-Siméon Chardin painted quiet kitchens and children at play; Canaletto painted precise views of Venice for travelers on the Grand Tour. Art History II: Baroque to Modern · Art & Drawing Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/grand-manner/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/grand-manner/British portraitists such as Thomas Gainsborough (The Blue Boy, about 1770) and Joshua Reynolds posed sitters with dignity, rich fabric and landscape backgrounds. Art History II: Baroque to Modern · Art & Drawing Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/neoclassicism/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/neoclassicism/After the digs at Pompeii, artists such as Jacques-Louis David turned to clear line, calm color and Roman virtue, as in The Oath of the Horatii (1784). Art History II: Baroque to Modern · Art & Drawing Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/early-america/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/early-america/John Singleton Copley painted Paul Revere (1768) at his workbench; Gilbert Stuart painted George Washington; Jefferson designed Monticello on Roman and Palladian models. Art History II: Baroque to Modern · Art & Drawing Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/romanticism/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/romanticism/Romantic artists (about 1800 to 1850) valued feeling, nature's power and the individual: Caspar David Friedrich's Wanderer above the Sea of Fog and J. M. W. Turner's storms and sunsets. Art History II: Baroque to Modern · Art & Drawing Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/constable-goya/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/constable-goya/John Constable painted the English countryside from close study, as in The Hay Wain (1821); Francisco Goya painted the Spanish court with sharp honesty. Art History II: Baroque to Modern · Art & Drawing Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/hudson-river/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/hudson-river/Thomas Cole, Frederic Church and Albert Bierstadt painted American wilderness on a grand scale; Cole's The Oxbow (1836) sets wild hills beside farmland. Art History II: Baroque to Modern · Art & Drawing Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/realism/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/realism/Realists painted ordinary people and work without idealizing them: Courbet's Stone Breakers (1849), Millet's The Gleaners (1857) and Rosa Bonheur's The Horse Fair (1852–1855). Art History II: Baroque to Modern · Art & Drawing Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/photography/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/photography/Louis Daguerre announced the daguerreotype in 1839; by the 1860s photographers such as Julia Margaret Cameron were making photographs as art. Art History II: Baroque to Modern · Art & Drawing Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/american-19th/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/american-19th/Winslow Homer painted the sea and country life, John Singer Sargent dazzling portraits, and Henry Ossawa Tanner The Banjo Lesson (1893). Art History II: Baroque to Modern · Art & Drawing Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/ukiyo-e/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/ukiyo-e/Edo-period prints of the "floating world" were a team effort: a publisher, a designer such as Hokusai or Hiroshige, a carver and a printer, with one block for each color. Art History II: Baroque to Modern · Art & Drawing Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/japanese-screens/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/japanese-screens/Folding screens painted on gold leaf, such as Ogata Kōrin's Irises (about 1705), and castles like Himeji (completed 1609) show the splendor of Japan's great families. Art History II: Baroque to Modern · Art & Drawing Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/ming-qing/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/ming-qing/The Ming built the Forbidden City in Beijing (1406–1420) and made fine blue-and-white porcelain; literati scholar-painters valued personal brushwork over likeness. Art History II: Baroque to Modern · Art & Drawing Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/joseon-korea/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/joseon-korea/Joseon Korea (1392–1897) prized plain white porcelain such as the round moon jars, and Jeong Seon painted "true-view" landscapes of real Korean mountains. Art History II: Baroque to Modern · Art & Drawing Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/mughal/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/mughal/Mughal emperors in India sponsored jewel-like manuscript paintings and built the Taj Mahal (1632–1653), Shah Jahan's tomb for his wife Mumtaz Mahal. Art History II: Baroque to Modern · Art & Drawing Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/ottoman-safavid/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/ottoman-safavid/The architect Sinan built the Süleymaniye Mosque in Istanbul (1550–1557) with Iznik tiles; in Isfahan the Safavid Shah Mosque (1611–about 1630) glows with blue tile. Art History II: Baroque to Modern · Art & Drawing Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/impressionism/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/impressionism/The Impressionists painted light and modern life with visible broken brushstrokes, often outdoors; their first group show was in Paris in 1874, and Monet's Impression, Sunrise gave them their name. Art History II: Baroque to Modern · Art & Drawing Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/monet-series/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/monet-series/Claude Monet painted the same subject, grainstacks, Rouen Cathedral, water lilies, again and again to show how light and weather change it. Art History II: Baroque to Modern · Art & Drawing Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/modern-life/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/modern-life/Edgar Degas painted dancers and racehorses, Pierre-Auguste Renoir crowds at leisure, and Berthe Morisot and Mary Cassatt the lives of women and children. Art History II: Baroque to Modern · Art & Drawing Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/japonisme/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/japonisme/After Japan opened to trade in the 1850s, Japanese woodblock prints poured into Europe; their flat color, bold cropping and high viewpoints inspired Degas, Van Gogh and Cassatt. Art History II: Baroque to Modern · Art & Drawing Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/seurat/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/seurat/Georges Seurat placed small dots of pure color side by side for the eye to blend, as in A Sunday on La Grande Jatte (1884–1886). Art History II: Baroque to Modern · Art & Drawing Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/van-gogh/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/van-gogh/Van Gogh used thick paint (impasto), swirling strokes and strong color to express feeling, as in The Starry Night (1889) and his Sunflowers (1888). Art History II: Baroque to Modern · Art & Drawing Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/cezanne-gauguin/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/cezanne-gauguin/Paul Cézanne built landscapes and still lifes from patches of color and simple forms, a path toward Cubism; Paul Gauguin used flat, bold color and outlines. Art History II: Baroque to Modern · Art & Drawing Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/african-arts/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/african-arts/Many African masks and figures were made for performance and ceremony, seen in motion with costume, music and dance; textiles such as Asante kente carry meaning in their patterns. Art History II: Baroque to Modern · Art & Drawing Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/benin-bronzes/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/benin-bronzes/Guilds in the Kingdom of Benin (in today's Nigeria) cast brass plaques and heads for the Oba's palace from the 1500s on; British troops took thousands of them in 1897. Art History II: Baroque to Modern · Art & Drawing Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/native-north-america/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/native-north-america/Northwest Coast carvers made totem poles in formline style; Navajo weavers made striped blankets; Plains artists drew on ledger paper; Pueblo potters made painted and polished pottery. Art History II: Baroque to Modern · Art & Drawing Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/fauvism-expressionism/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/fauvism-expressionism/Around 1905 the Fauves, led by Henri Matisse, used wild, unnatural color; German Expressionists such as Ernst Ludwig Kirchner and Franz Marc used color and distortion to express feeling. Art History II: Baroque to Modern · Art & Drawing Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/cubism/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/cubism/Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, from about 1907, broke objects into facets seen from several viewpoints at once; Juan Gris and others carried it on. Art History II: Baroque to Modern · Art & Drawing Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/abstraction/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/abstraction/Between about 1910 and 1915, Wassily Kandinsky, Kazimir Malevich and others made paintings that show no objects at all, only color, line and shape. Art History II: Baroque to Modern · Art & Drawing Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/futurism-dada/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/futurism-dada/Italian Futurists (from 1909) glorified speed and machines; Dada artists in Zurich (from 1916) and beyond mocked art itself, as in Marcel Duchamp's Fountain (1917). Art History II: Baroque to Modern · Art & Drawing Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/de-stijl-bauhaus/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/de-stijl-bauhaus/Piet Mondrian reduced painting to black lines and primary colors; the Bauhaus school in Germany (1919–1933) joined art, craft and industry in modern design. Art History II: Baroque to Modern · Art & Drawing Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/surrealism/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/surrealism/Surrealists, after André Breton's manifesto of 1924, painted dreams and the unconscious: Salvador Dalí's melting watches and René Magritte's puzzles. Art History II: Baroque to Modern · Art & Drawing Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/modern-architecture/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/modern-architecture/Louis Sullivan's skyscrapers ("form follows function"), Frank Lloyd Wright's Robie House (1910) and Fallingwater (1935–1939), and Art Deco towers like the Chrysler Building (1930). Art History II: Baroque to Modern · Art & Drawing Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/american-modern/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/american-modern/Georgia O'Keeffe painted close-up flowers and desert forms; Edward Hopper lonely city scenes; Harlem Renaissance artists such as Aaron Douglas and, later, Jacob Lawrence told Black American history. Art History II: Baroque to Modern · Art & Drawing Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/mexican-muralism/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/mexican-muralism/After the Mexican Revolution, Diego Rivera, José Clemente Orozco and David Alfaro Siqueiros painted public murals of Mexican history; Frida Kahlo painted personal self-portraits. Art History II: Baroque to Modern · Art & Drawing Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/modern-photography/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/modern-photography/Alfred Stieglitz fought for photography as art (The Steerage, 1907); Dorothea Lange's Migrant Mother (1936) made the Great Depression visible. Art History II: Baroque to Modern · Art & Drawing Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/abstract-expressionism/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/abstract-expressionism/In New York after World War II, Jackson Pollock dripped paint on canvas laid on the floor, and Mark Rothko painted glowing fields of color. Art History II: Baroque to Modern · Art & Drawing Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/style-recognition/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/style-recognition/Each period has telltale signs: Gothic pointed arches, Renaissance balance, Baroque drama, Rococo pastels, Neoclassical clarity, Impressionist strokes, Cubist facets. Art History II: Baroque to Modern · Art & Drawing Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/dating-by-style/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/dating-by-style/Clothes, subject, technique, materials and style narrow a work's date before any document is found. Art History II: Baroque to Modern · Art & Drawing Ladderhttps://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/compare-contrast/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://teddyrookbook.com/art/art-history-2/compare-contrast/Comparing two works side by side, subject, composition, color, technique and purpose, shows what is special about each. Art History II: Baroque to Modern · Art & Drawing Ladder